{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1787743206635,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis and tuberculous fistulae are recognised complications of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); however, we could find no documented cases of broncho-mediastinal-oesophageal fistulae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We describe the case of a patient in their early 20s from a South Asian country with endemic TB who presented to a UK hospital with a productive cough, fevers, reduced appetite, inter-scapular pain and feeling generally unwell. They were initially diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia but their symptoms were refractory to antibiotic therapy. Following CT and endoscopy with biopsies, they were diagnosed with TB with a complex broncho-mediastinal-oesophageal fistula secondary to mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>They were treated with anti-TB therapy and resumed on oral intake 201 days after initial admission. A multidisciplinary approach was required to address multiple medical and surgical issues, including nutrition and delivery of anti-TB therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-265975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:35:47Z","timestamp":1787740547000},"page":"e265975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis causing a broncho-mediastinal-oesophageal fistula"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6325-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara-Jane","family":"Horne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Alwis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0956-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Ariyarathenam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a deceptive disease","volume":"157","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242907","article-title":"Oesophagomediastinal fistula: a rare complication of tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Nedkov Gambin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.3","first-page":"e192","article-title":"Oesophageal tuberculosis: rare but not to be forgotten","volume":"53","author":"Momin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000831","article-title":"Nonhealing oesophageal ulcer: a case report","volume":"85","author":"Gurung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1985.tb01703.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the oesophagus","volume":"29","author":"Mohan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-018-0743-4","article-title":"Tuberculosis as a primary cause of oesophageal stricture: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Mbiine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026082603350753000_19.8.e265975.7","unstructured":"Chow TL . 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