{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1761645746863,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200824","82370685","82470761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200824","82370685","82470761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease","award":["22MC1940100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22MC1940100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency caused by pathogenic mutations in the Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, characterised by a reduction in mature B cells and low levels of immunoglobulins, which predispose patients to recurrent infections. However, renal involvement in adult XLA patients is extremely rare. Here, we report a man in his early 20s with XLA who experienced recurrent severe infections, resulting in elevated serum creatinine, nephrotic-range proteinuria and haematuria. Laboratory analysis revealed the absence of mature B cells and significantly reduced immunoglobulin levels. A kidney biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and genetic testing identified a BTK gene mutation. This is a rare case of XLA complicated by MPGN prior to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, which expands the pathological spectrum of renal involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-266136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:55:13Z","timestamp":1761645313000},"page":"e266136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a young adult with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Luna","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hang Zhou, 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