{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:10:13Z","timestamp":1756375813368,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe a case of craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) that was initially misdiagnosed as craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (CDD). CMD and CDD are both rare genetic disorders affecting the craniofacial and tubular bones, due to <jats:italic>ANKH<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SOST<\/jats:italic> gene mutations, respectively, causing similar defects in the control of bone mineralisation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The patient is male, who has been followed longitudinally from birth to his mid-teens, touching on important milestones concerning misdiagnosis and management of CMD. We discuss relevant investigations, diagnosis of <jats:italic>ANKH<\/jats:italic> mutation on genetic testing and neurosurgical management, as the patient successfully underwent foramen magnum decompression for secondary Chiari I malformation. We refer to the patient as \u2018proband\u2019 as he is the first in his family diagnosed with a genetic condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of correct identification of the underlying diagnosis as this can affect management. Surgical intervention can be challenging but can successfully manage life-threatening complications of this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-266574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T13:25:12Z","timestamp":1752153912000},"page":"e266574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Craniometaphyseal dysplasia leading to hydrocephalus and Chiari I malformation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-5648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Accident and Emergency, Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy, Kirkcaldy, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3223-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Kadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, Lothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandrasekaran","family":"Kaliaperumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1954.00250060005001"},{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100133560","article-title":"Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management","volume":"110","author":"Richards","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510028474","article-title":"Craniometaphyseal dysplasia","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2017.04.007","article-title":"Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia: A review and novel oral manifestation","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320612"},{"key":"2025082802365848000_18.7.e266574.6","unstructured":"ANKH gene \u2013 ankh inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator. 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