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We report the case of a previously healthy boy in early childhood with EBV-associated rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute compartment syndrome that required decompressive fasciotomy. The patient recovered without loss of strength, sensation or range of motion. This case report aims to focus attention on serious complications such as acute compartment syndrome that can occur with common viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-266658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T05:35:22Z","timestamp":1758260122000},"page":"e266658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paediatric Epstein-Barr virus-associated rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute compartment syndrome treated with decompressive fasciotomy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9421-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masamichi","family":"Koike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2846-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satomi","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16303","article-title":"Paediatric rhabdomyolysis: A UK centre\u2019s 10-year retrospective experience","volume":"59","author":"Harmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2018-0300"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001397","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis in a Tertiary PICU: A 10-Year Study","volume":"19","author":"Gelbart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3339\/jkspn.2018.22.2.52","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Rhabdomyolysis in Children: Single Center Experience","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1223-9"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1352"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2012.03571.x","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A\/H1N1 2009 infection in a pediatric patient","volume":"54","author":"Ishiwada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182259920","article-title":"Recurrent viral-induced compartment syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Slobogean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900801600128"},{"key":"2025091822351735000_18.9.e266658.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skellett SC , Dhesi R . 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