{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:38:42Z","timestamp":1764052722501,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis (XO) is a rare inflammatory condition of the female genital tract that closely mimics malignancy due to its non-specific clinical presentation and mass-like appearance on imaging. It is histologically characterised by lipid-laden macrophages, chronic inflammatory cells and necrosis. We report the case of a woman in the late 60s referred to the gynaecologic oncology clinic for evaluation of a newly identified complex ovarian mass on CT. She underwent surgical intervention with histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis of XO with extension into the uterine wall and peri-appendicitis. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and intraoperative cultures grew\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting a potential infectious aetiology. XO remains a diagnostic challenge due to its resemblance to ovarian malignancy. This case underscores the importance of considering XO in patients presenting with adnexal masses, particularly those with a history of chronic pelvic inflammation or infection. Awareness of this rare entity can help prevent unnecessary radical surgeries, improve patient outcomes, and guide future research into its pathogenesis and management strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-267401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:35:27Z","timestamp":1764052527000},"page":"e267401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: malignant appearance, benign pathology"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mira","family":"Kheil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Sharba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Awada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.1","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous Salpingo-Oophoritis as a Rare Presentation in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-247341","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous endometritis with unilateral salpingo-oophoritis in a postmenopausal woman masquerading as a malignancy","volume":"16","author":"Anandathirtha","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2024.e00603","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis mimicking a dermoid cyst with ovarian torsion: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Sibbald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.4","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous Salpingooophoritis: The Youngest Documented Case Report","volume":"2015","author":"Tanwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0260-XSAO","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous salpingitis and oophoritis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"125","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.6","first-page":"80","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis and salpingitis: late sequelae of inadequately treated staphylococcal PID","volume":"46","author":"Punia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01834.x","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous salpingitis and oophoritis associated with endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma presenting as intestinal obstruction","volume":"38","author":"Abeysundara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.3929"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjae155","article-title":"Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary with xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: the first case report in the literature","volume":"2024","author":"Nouh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.10","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis: A Rare Case Report","volume":"15","author":"Dawande","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.12.006","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous inflammation caused by K. pneumonia and nocardiosis mimicking a uterine tumor and invading the ureter and colon: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11040298","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Acute Diverticulitis: Role of Probiotics in Management of This Delicate Pathophysiological Balance","volume":"11","author":"Piccioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2025112422352182000_18.11.e267401.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geetha Priya G , Nivetha S , Kanna R , et al . 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