{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:36:43Z","timestamp":1783741003270,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the perineum are rare and can pose significant challenges during pregnancy. Literature suggests that neither surgical nor radiological interventions offer a definitive cure, making management particularly complex. We present the case of a primigravida in her mid-20s who, at 28 weeks of gestation, developed severe pain and swelling in the perineal and left gluteal regions. Imaging confirmed an AVM. Due to severe pain and functional limitations, she was hospitalised, and a multidisciplinary approach was adopted. The pain and palliative care team was involved, and she was started on a combination of parenteral and oral analgesics for symptom relief. Despite aggressive pain management, her condition continued to deteriorate, with worsening oedema and intractable pain. At 32 weeks of gestation, a lower-segment caesarean section was performed under general anaesthesia, as she was unable to tolerate the pregnancy any longer. Postoperatively, she received supportive care and analgesics. At her 6-month follow-up, she remained on maintenance analgesics but reported an improvement in her overall condition compared with her pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-267624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1753760419000},"page":"e267624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Arteriovenous malformation of the perineum during pregnancy: challenges in diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9310-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Rajaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College Hospital Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobha S","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adinarayanan Kishore","family":"Nochur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Government Medical College Hospital Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitu","family":"PV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0620-8925","article-title":"Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies","volume":"190","author":"Sadick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01049.x","article-title":"A major congenital vascular malformation of the pelvis in pregnancy","volume":"109","author":"Katsimanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2010.08.005"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200411000-00001"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1636524","article-title":"Female Pelvic Vascular Malformations","volume":"35","author":"Annam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.903491","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Vascular Malformations","volume":"82","author":"Bashir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.7","first-page":"274","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation of the base of tongue in pregnancy: case report","volume":"29","author":"Martines","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.09.012","article-title":"Complicated congenital gluteal arteriovenous malformation with hemorrhage in pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Vai\u0161nyt\u0117","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.9","first-page":"17","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation:a study of 200 cases","volume":"127","author":"Enjolras","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"2025082711593480000_18.7.e267624.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisson DL , Newell SD , Laxton C , et al . Antenatal and Postnatal Analgesia. BJOG 2019;126. doi:10.1111\/1471-0528.15510","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15510"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-267624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T18:59:43Z","timestamp":1756321183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-267624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2025-267624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-267624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}}}