{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:20:17Z","timestamp":1767190817920,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency\u2014which leads to xerophthalmia\u2014is rarely observed in developed countries. However, it can be triggered by malabsorption conditions such as short bowel syndrome (SBS). Herein, we present an early-adolescent boy with hypoganglionosis-related SBS receiving long-term supplemental parenteral nutrition who presented with night blindness, bilateral conjunctival xerosis and Bitot\u2019s spots. The patient\u2019s serum retinol level was 4.2 (normal: &gt; 20) \u00b5g\/dL. Thus, 100\u2009000\u2009IU of vitamin A was administered intramuscularly on days 1, 2 and again after 2 weeks. The ocular signs and night blindness resolved. Paediatric patients with SBS may develop symptomatic xerophthalmia despite routine supplemental or total parenteral nutrition. Therefore, regular ophthalmologic examinations are recommended. However, in the case of any ocular abnormality\u2014such as night blindness and conjunctival xerosis\u2014clinicians should immediately facilitate the measurement of serum retinol levels. Intramuscular high-dose vitamin A is an effective treatment if malabsorption prevents adequate enteral uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-268985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:35:20Z","timestamp":1767180920000},"page":"e268985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symptomatic vitamin A deficiency in a paediatric patient with short bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8094-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ishimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.1","unstructured":"Hodge C , Taylor C . Vitamin A deficiency. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023."},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-023-01626-6","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.12.049"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.4","first-page":"449","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of vitamins A, E, D, and K","volume":"97","author":"Hollander","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.6","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Guideline: Vitamin A supplementation in infants and children 6\u201359 months of age. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011."},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.7","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age","volume":"3","author":"Imdad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081876","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency in pediatric patients with intestinal failure: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"11","author":"Norsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025123106151105000_18.12.e268985.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-015-9516-8","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and its effects on the retina: an electrophysiological and clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Renner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-268985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:15:21Z","timestamp":1767190521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-268985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2025-268985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-268985","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}