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However, he exhibited anxiety and depression (neuropsychological examination) that were not addressed during his recovery. Barriers included his culture and healthcare disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, psychotherapy\/counselling was not offered to promote emotional and holistic recovery to manage the impact of severe TBI on his life. These care barriers highlight the importance of ensuring TBI care models address the psychological\/emotional distress of patients and empower families to participate in the cognitive, physical and psychological healing of the patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-269121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T19:15:12Z","timestamp":1771182912000},"page":"e269121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe traumatic brain injury: non-military patients\u2019 essential need for behavioural healthcare"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ritz H","family":"Tolentino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Portland, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darshit","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Piedmont Macon Medical Center, Macon, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Portland, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D","family":"Schuenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Portland, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Sholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn","family":"Gugliucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021511150554000_19.2.e269121.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6609a1","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury\u2013Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths \u2014 United States, 2007 and 2013","volume":"66","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"2026021511150554000_19.2.e269121.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2012.08.011"},{"key":"2026021511150554000_19.2.e269121.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.01.001","article-title":"Global Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2021","volume":"68","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026021511150554000_19.2.e269121.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curvelo E , de Sousa RMC . 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