{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:51:08Z","timestamp":1767988268873,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a commonly performed safe diagnostic procedure, though complications such as pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema are rare. In this report, we describe the case of a male in his early 50s diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonitis who developed these complications following an EBUS-TBNA and fibreoptic bronchoscopy procedure. The patient\u2019s condition was promptly recognised and managed conservatively, leading to a rapid recovery within 24 hours. This case emphasises the need for clinical vigilance, even with routine procedures, especially in patients with interstitial lung diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-270109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:35:27Z","timestamp":1767969327000},"page":"e270109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema following EBUS-TBNA with a 22-gauge needle in a patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sobia","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razan","family":"Ghareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirasha","family":"Jayathilika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaymin B","family":"Morjaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0169-2021","article-title":"Diagnosis, course and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"31","author":"Hamblin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-50","article-title":"Complications associated with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a nationwide survey by the Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy","volume":"14","author":"Asano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brockbank L , Marlow J , Smyth C , et al . Pneumomediastinum following ebus-tbna in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal 2017. doi:10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA833","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA833"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000173","article-title":"Severe Pneumomediastinum Complicating EBUS-TBNA","volume":"22","author":"Shweihat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243498","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum following endobronchial ultrasound and transbronchial needle aspirate (EBUS-TBNA) sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes","volume":"14","author":"Stanton","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.6","article-title":"Air Everywhere: Pneumomediastinum After Ebus Bronchoscopy","volume":"195","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"AM J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.014717","article-title":"An unusual complication after endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: Case report","volume":"14","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.8","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum","volume":"7","author":"Kouritas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farooqui S , Bhardwaj H . Not what you would expect: pneumomediastinum after EBUS TBNA. a rare complication of a safe procedure. AM J Respir Crit Care Med 2020. doi:10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6812","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6812"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.08.778","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum complicating endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: Is it that rare?","volume":"154","author":"Hatem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5505\/respircase.2018.05025","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum after Endobronchial Ultrasound\u2013Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A case report","volume":"7","author":"\u00c7\u0131rak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Case Rep"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.12","first-page":"245","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum following Endobronchial Ultrasound- Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Case Report","volume":"16","author":"Piroddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"2026010906352172000_19.1.e270109.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1939.00190050019003"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-270109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:35:29Z","timestamp":1767969329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-270109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2025-270109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-270109","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}