{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1777046019109,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Konzo,<\/jats:italic>\n                    derived from the Yaka term for\n                    <jats:italic>\u2018tired legs<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) and also known as\n                    <jats:italic>Buka-buka<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Bandundu region of DRC, is a nutrition-related neurotoxic disorder confined to sub-Saharan Africa. It predominantly affects impoverished and underserved rural populations who depend on bitter cassava as a dietary staple. Cases of konzo most often arise during the dry season or prolonged droughts, when limited water availability hinders adequate soaking or processing of cassava roots, preventing the effective removal of their toxic cyanide content prior to consumption. Clinically, konzo presents as an acute-onset, symmetrical, isolated motor disorder characterised by non-progressive yet permanent spastic paraparesis. In the absence of a curative treatment, the lifelong consequences of konzo impose a substantial burden on affected individuals and their communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-270728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1777041015000},"page":"e270728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Konzo: a nutrition-related tropical spastic paraparesis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David Pemba","family":"Kamate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Evang\u00e9lique de Vanga, Bandundu, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine & Primary Health Care, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Neumayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.1","first-page":"225","article-title":"World Health Organization. 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A systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Baguma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.6.638"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073066"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00705-2"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940003100408","article-title":"EEG findings in Konzo: a spastic para\/tetraparesis of acute onset","volume":"31","author":"Tshala Katumbay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Electroencephalogr"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651403500104"},{"key":"2026042407300782000_19.4.e270728.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nzwalo H , Cliff J . Konzo: from poverty, cassava, and cyanogen intake to toxico-nutritional neurological disease. 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