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Early diagnosis through neurophysiological studies is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure accurate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-271739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T11:15:18Z","timestamp":1781694918000},"page":"e271739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nocturnal tongue biting beyond epilepsy: sleep-related facio-mandibular myoclonus \u2014a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3839-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Gabriel","family":"Burgos Bustamante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2630-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Bravo Quelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7470-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"B\u00e1ez Arold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.018","article-title":"Epilepsy imitator: tongue biting caused by sleep-related facio-mandibular myoclonus","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A502","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae067.01174","article-title":"1174 Oromandibular\/Faciomandibular Myoclonus; A Rare Sleep-Related Movement Disorder Captured on Polysomnography","volume":"47","author":"Kramer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2011.0414","article-title":"Facio-mandibular myoclonus: a rare cause of nocturnal tongue biting","volume":"13","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S433628","article-title":"Tongue Biting Event in Patients with Sleep-Related Facial Mandibular Myoclonus: A Case Series Study","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10966","article-title":"A rare case of tongue biting during sleep in childhood","volume":"20","author":"Cascais","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.644","article-title":"Familial nocturnal facio-mandibular myoclonus mimicking sleep bruxism","volume":"58","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology (ECronicon)"},{"key":"2026061704151303000_19.6.e271739.7","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine . 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