{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:03:55Z","timestamp":1779984235295,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>E-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) remains an important but often overlooked cause of acute respiratory failure, particularly in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a middle-aged woman with a recent history of nicotine-only vaping who presented with worsening cough, dyspnoea on exertion and progressive hypoxia. Imaging initially suggested multifocal pneumonia, and she was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and bronchodilator therapy. Despite this, she continued to deteriorate, prompting intensive care unit transfer and initiation of high-dose corticosteroids. Extensive workup including infectious, autoimmune and vasculitis panels was negative. Given her history of recent vaping, EVALI was considered the most likely aetiology. Her clinical course improved significantly after corticosteroid therapy, and she was discharged on a steroid taper. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by EVALI and the ongoing risk associated with vaping, including those containing only nicotine. This case report aims to contribute to the ongoing clinical awareness of EVALI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2026-272481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T15:20:34Z","timestamp":1779981634000},"page":"e272481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["E-cigarette\/vaping associated lung injury: an ongoing public health crisis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Del Rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, NewYork - Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Treihaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, NewYork - Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A","family":"Weingarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Minkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurne","family":"Groner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-Cigarette Use, or Vaping. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html [Accessed 25 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . Lung injuries associated with use of vaping products. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/public-health-focus\/lung-injuries-associated-use-vaping-products [Accessed 25 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6902e2","article-title":"Update: Product, Substance-Use, and Demographic Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients in a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use\u2013Associated Lung Injury \u2014 United States, August 2019\u2013January 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ellington","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.694905","article-title":"Major Constituents of Cannabis Vape Oil Liquid, Vapor and Aerosol in California Vape Oil Cartridge Samples","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-022-05499-w","article-title":"Triglycerides of medium-chain fatty acids: a concise review","volume":"60","author":"Jadhav","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00349","article-title":"Investigating the Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides on the Elasticity of Pulmonary Surfactant","volume":"36","author":"Dziura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1913069","article-title":"Pathology of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury","volume":"381","author":"Butt","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192585","article-title":"Radiologic, Pathologic, Clinical, and Physiologic Findings of Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury (EVALI): Evolving Knowledge and Remaining Questions","volume":"294","author":"Kligerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00329","article-title":"Infection with and Carriage of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children","volume":"7","author":"Meyer Sauteur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004"},{"key":"2026052808202709000_19.5.e272481.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433","article-title":"Lung Injury Response Laboratory Working Group. 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