{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:10:20Z","timestamp":1756303820319,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infective endocarditis can be associated with complex clinical presentations, sometimes with a difficult multi-disciplinary management. <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> belongs to the <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cardiobacterium hominis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eikenella corrodens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Kingella<\/jats:italic> species group, responsible for 5% to 10% of infective endocarditis in native heart valves. These organisms have slow fastidious growth pattern, often associated with negative cultures, and cause systemic embolism with abscess formation. The authors present the case of a 59-year-old man, admitted due to fever of unknown origin, with a personal history of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and recent dental manipulation. The diagnosis of mitral valve\u2019s endocarditis was established after a transoesophageal ecocardiography, with a late isolation of <jats:italic>A actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> in blood culture. Despite the institution of antibiotic therapy, the patient suffered from multiple episodes of septic embolism: skin, mucosae, cerebral abscesses, spondylodiscitis and uveitis. He was submitted to heart surgery with miectomy and replacement of the native mitral valve by a mechanical prosthesis, while on antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.04.2011.4140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T10:12:49Z","timestamp":1344852769000},"page":"bcr0420114140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Actinobacillus endocarditis<\/i> associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Vanda Cristina","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Panarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Riso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vaz Riscado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2, Curry Cabral\u2019s Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Endocardite por Bartonella: um caso de endocardite com culturas negativas","volume":"15","author":"Cordero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Brucelose com Endocardite","volume":"16","author":"Borges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.87.6.e8"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.4","unstructured":"Brush JL . 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Available from: URL: http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/1165712-overview (accessed 31 March 2011)."},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.8","first-page":"723","article-title":"Endocardite bacteriana a estreptococos do grupo viridans associada a espondilodiscite","volume":"23","author":"Luz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0798-x"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050130"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200103010-00013"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.12","first-page":"1655","article-title":"Retinal embolization from endocarditis.","volume":"10","author":"Reese","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197001000-00001","article-title":"Cilioretinal artery occlusion in a patient with suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis.","volume":"63","author":"Schocket","year":"1970","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.14","unstructured":"Humphrey P Kelly MK Barnett G . HACEK Group Infections. Emedicine (WebMD). 2009. Available from: URL: http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/218158-overview (accessed 31 March 2011)."},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00794.x"},{"key":"2025082706510479000_2012.aug09_1.bcr0420114140.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shles A Wolach B Levi A . Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in a 1.5 year old toddler. 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