{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T15:40:03Z","timestamp":1745595603287,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with benign sporadic monomelic amyotrophy of the distal part of the arm, called Hirayama disease. Clinical features included forearm amyotrophy sparing the brachioradialis muscle, cold paresis and causalgia. Neck magnetic resonance imaging was normal in neutral and flexion position. Electromyography showed denervated patterns in the extensor digitorum communis, and conduction studies ruled out multifocal motor neuropathy. Motor evoked potentials were normal. Serum IgG anti-GM1 antibodies were moderately raised but were negative 8 months later. Outcome was favourable within 15 months, with partial motor recovery. Pathogenesis remains controversial: neck flexion induced myelopathy via chronic anterior horn ischaemia due to forward displacement of the posterior wall of the dura mater, or benign variant of lower motor neuron disease? Whatever the pathomechanism is, the clinical features and outcome are the same.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.09.2009.2292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T03:35:03Z","timestamp":1260848103000},"page":"bcr0920092292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A woman with forearm amyotrophy: Figure 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Sagui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9l\u00e9onore","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Ricobono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Bregigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Brosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.1","first-page":"2190","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity: a new clinical entity","volume":"61","author":"Hirayama","year":"1959","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol Jpn"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.02142.x"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2000000500004","article-title":"Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb (Hirayama\u00e2\u0080\u0099s disease): a clinical variant of the benign monomelic amyotrophy","volume":"58","author":"Nascimento","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1922","article-title":"Cervical dural sac and spinal cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity","volume":"54","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg117"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.28114"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050514"},{"key":"2025042508231242000_2009.dec14_1.bcr0920092292.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00074.x"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr.09.2009.2292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T15:23:17Z","timestamp":1745594597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr.09.2009.2292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr.09.2009.2292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr.09.2009.2292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}