{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:10:00Z","timestamp":1756368600737,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of the kidney characterised by an infectious phlegmon arising in the renal parenchyma. It is seen in patients who have urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and immunocompromised status. The clinical presentation is variable and renal neoplasm is considered as a differential due to its characteristic extrarenal visceral invasion. The treatment is almost universally extirpative and can pose a formidable challenge to the treating physician and surgeon. 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