{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1778934006618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project","award":["202201011301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201011301"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2700700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2700700"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory Project","award":["202002010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002010006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzho"},{"name":"the High-level Science and Technology Journals Projects of Guangdong Province"},{"name":"the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise retinal microvascular alterations in the eyes of pregnant patients with anaemia (PA) and to compare the alterations with those in healthy controls (HC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nested case\u2012control study included singleton PA and HC from the Eye Health in Pregnancy Study. Fovea avascular zone (FAZ) metrics, perfusion density (PD) in the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus and flow deficit (FD) density in the choriocapillaris (CC) were quantified using FIJI software. Linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the differences in OCTA metrics between PA and HC. Subgroup analyses were performed based on comparisons between PA diagnosed in the early or late trimester and HC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 99 eyes of 99 PA and 184 eyes of 184 HC were analysed. PA had a significantly reduced FAZ perimeter (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=\u22120.310, p&lt;0.001), area (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=\u22120.121, p=0.001) and increased circularity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=0.037, p&lt;0.001) compared with HC. Furthermore, higher PD in the central (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=0.327, p=0.001) and outer (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=0.349, p=0.007) regions were observed in PA. PA diagnosed in the first trimester had more extensive central FD (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient=4.199, p=0.003) in the CC, indicating impaired perfusion in the CC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that anaemia during pregnancy was associated with macular microvascular abnormalities, which differed in PA as pregnancy progressed. The results suggest that quantitative OCTA metrics may be useful for risk evaluation before clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration numbers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2021KYPJ098 and ChiCTR2100049850.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-321781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T14:57:19Z","timestamp":1669388239000},"page":"117-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography for the characterisation of retinal microvasculature alterations in pregnant patients with anaemia: a nested case\u2012control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1945-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5273-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9046-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyuan","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai Cheng","family":"Iao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaohong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zemeihong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaole","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuofan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, Hainan, China"},{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Department of Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.2","unstructured":"Organization WH . Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2020."},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.47046"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.5","unstructured":"Xing Xie BK , Duan T , et al . Obstetrics and gynecology. 9th ed. Beijing: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House, 2018: 123\u20137."},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23517"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00626-4","article-title":"A deep-learning system for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk via the measurement of retinal-vessel calibre","volume":"5","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00745-6","article-title":"Deep-learning models for the detection and incidence prediction of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes from retinal fundus images","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30288-0","article-title":"Screening and identifying hepatobiliary diseases through deep learning using ocular images: a prospective, multicentre study","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0487-z","article-title":"Detection of anaemia from retinal fundus images via deep learning","volume":"4","author":"Mitani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004710"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102744"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04633-8"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.2824","article-title":"Macular vascular abnormalities identified by optical coherence tomographic angiography in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"133","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.15","unstructured":"Organization WH . Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity, 2011."},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6252"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.022"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311942"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27055"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002874"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2125","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography helps distinguish multiple sclerosis from AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.588515"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314567"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68625-8"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001741"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.023"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001776117"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23647"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2017.09.001"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0604-y"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000448"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000785"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100997"},{"key":"2026011304301025000_108.1.117.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100828"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-321781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:31:43Z","timestamp":1768307503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-321781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2022-321781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-321781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]}}}