{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:47:16Z","timestamp":1783478836881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The vascular supply of the optic nerve head is complex and remains incompletely delineated. Over the past 50 years, various investigators have attempted to clarify the relative contributions of the choroid, the short posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery to the vascular beds of the inner retinal, prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar segments of the nerve head. Conflicting theories have evolved, in no small part due to differing techniques of study, involving both flow parameters and anatomical constructs. These have included studies, both in normal subjects and in those with optic nerve ischaemia, of histopathology, electron microscopic corrosion casting, orbital colour Doppler flow studies, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, laser Doppler flow studies, laser speckle flowgraphy, microperfusion and labelling studies and optical coherence tomography angiography. The nature of the optic disc, peripapillary retina and choroid microvasculature has implications for the pathophysiology of ischaemic optic neuropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T17:20:54Z","timestamp":1666200054000},"page":"595-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vascular supply of the optic nerve head: implications for optic disc ischaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)93437-0","article-title":"Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve. I. The papilla","volume":"68","author":"Henkind","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.53.11.721"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90414-1","article-title":"Reevaluation of the optic disk vasculature","volume":"82","author":"Anderson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90489-X","article-title":"Histologic studies of the vasculature of the anterior optic nerve","volume":"82","author":"Lieberman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22191","article-title":"Inter-relationship of arterial supply to human retina, choroid, and optic nerve head using micro perfusion and labeling","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010864015"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.3","article-title":"Microvascular study of the retrolaminar optic nerve in man: the possible significance in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy","volume":"4","author":"Olver","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73763-8","article-title":"Microvasculature of the human optic nerve","volume":"120","author":"Onda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.9","first-page":"125","article-title":"Some clinical applications of fluorescense retinal photography","volume":"86","author":"Hill","year":"1966","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92295-7","article-title":"Fluorescein angiography of normal and atrophic optic discs","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Day","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.11","unstructured":"Shimizu K . Sectorial order of fluorescein filling in the disc area. In: Proc int Symposium on fluorescein angiography (ISFA) Tokyo 1972. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin Ltd, 1974: 349\u201356."},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.12","first-page":"47","article-title":"Fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head: normal aspects","volume":"9","author":"Piermarocchi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)91084-2","article-title":"Fluorescein angiography of the optic disk","volume":"75","author":"Ernest","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.14","first-page":"OP260","article-title":"Fluorescein cineangiography of the optic nerve head","volume":"77","author":"Evans","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73080-6"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00156707"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200204000-00009"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.39"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(70)91859-3","article-title":"Histopathology of ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"69","author":"Henkind","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.20","unstructured":"MacMichael IM , Cullen JF . Pathology of ischaemic optic neuropathy. In: Cant JS , ed. The optic nerve, proceedings of the second William MacKenzie Memorial symposium. London: Henry Kimpton, 1972: 108\u201316."},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.21","first-page":"203","article-title":"Histopathologic studies of ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"98","author":"Knox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.58.12.990"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.4","article-title":"Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. differentiation of Arteritic from non-arteritic type and its management","volume":"4","author":"Hayreh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.24","first-page":"221","article-title":"Delayed choroidal perfusion in giant cell arteritis","volume":"11","author":"Mack","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73525-1"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.58.12.964"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130289011"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.28","first-page":"93","article-title":"The spectrum of optic disc ischemia in patients younger than 50 years (an Amercian Ophthalmological Society thesis)","volume":"111","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163???171","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199609000-00001","article-title":"Luxury perfusion following anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"16","author":"Friedland","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339h","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.11.1339h","article-title":"Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in Arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy","volume":"82","author":"Sadun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199902000-00008","article-title":"Indocyanine green versus fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis of Arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Valmaggia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31651-9","article-title":"Optic nerve sheath decompression may improve blood flow in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"100","author":"Flaharty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00437-1"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.05.020"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-013-0246-8","article-title":"Laser speckle flowgraphy for differentiating between nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and anterior optic neuritis","volume":"57","author":"Maekubo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001259","article-title":"Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography of the optic disk in optic neuropathy","volume":"36 Suppl 1","author":"Ghasemi Falavarjani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-018-0109-y","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography at the acute phase of optic disc edema","volume":"5","author":"Rougier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Vis"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.017","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in optic disc swelling","volume":"191","author":"Fard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e470","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001106","article-title":"Comparison of peripapillary vessel density of acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies with disc swelling using optical coherence tomography angiography: a pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199793","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCT-A) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) corresponds to visual function","volume":"13","author":"Gaier","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023042005400581000_107.5.595.41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early macular vessel density loss in acute ischemic optic neuropathy compared to papilledema: implications for pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Aghsaei Fard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans Vis Sci Tech"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T12:40:42Z","timestamp":1681994442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2022-322254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]}}}