{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:46:09Z","timestamp":1790304369270,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005809","name":"Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and the virome of the lacrimal sacs in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was performed on 10 consecutive samples of the lacrimal sac contents obtained from patients with PANDO. The samples were obtained from the lacrimal sacs under endoscopy guidance and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform (NOVASEQ 6000). The fungal internal transcript spacer analysis was performed using the PIPITS v2.7 . The viral taxonomy profiling was performed using Kraken2 against the virus database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The taxonomic hit distribution across the lacrimal sac samples showed rich fungal diversity (4 phyla, 12 classed, 21 families and 26 genera). The major phyla were<jats:italic>Ascomycota<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Basidiomycota,<\/jats:italic>and the key genera identified were<jats:italic>Alternaria, Hyphopichia, Malassezia, Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Epicoccum<\/jats:italic>. The virome analysis identified 13 phyla, 15 classes and 27 families. The viruses were commonly from the families<jats:italic>Poxviridae, Retroviridae, Siphoviridae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Myoviridae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Poxviridae<\/jats:italic>being the most prevalent family. The BeAn 58058 virus, a member of the<jats:italic>Poxviridae<\/jats:italic>family, was the most abundant in all the samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study is the first whole metagenome sequencing exclusively of the fungal microbiome and virome from the lacrimal sacs of patients with PANDO. The lacrimal sacs harbour diverse fungal and viral communities with distinct ecosystem dynamics. Further studies of their functions and interactions with the hosts would provide valuable insights.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T12:25:58Z","timestamp":1667219158000},"page":"317-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and virome of the lacrimal sac in patients with PANDO: the lacriome paper 5"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6363-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Javed","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamal S , Ali MJ . Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO). In: Ali MJ , ed. \u2018Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery\u2019. 2nd edition. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2018: 165\u201374.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5442-6_15"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001310"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1665186"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-05049-0"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319677"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221091646"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002202","article-title":"Microbial metagenomics of the extubated lacrimal stents following dacryocystorhinostomy: the Lacriome paper 4","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211064015"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0116-y"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00536-5"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12399"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.14","unstructured":"Dabdoub SM . Kraken-biom: enabling interoperative format conversion for Kraken results (version 1.2). Available: https:\/\/github.com\/smdabdoub\/kraken-biom"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa255"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1247140"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00089"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583418","article-title":"The fungal microbiome and asthma","volume":"10","author":"van Tilburg Bernardes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520956975"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0818-2"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00137","article-title":"Microbiotyping the sinonasal microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Bassiouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.02.002"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.03.004"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-017-0095-y"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.032"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084127"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.10.009"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz025"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.018"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63432-7"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.014"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.32","first-page":"840","article-title":"Bacteriophages targeting adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains as a promising new treatment for Crohn's disease","volume":"11","author":"Galtier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01575","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01575-16","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of the BeAn 58058 Virus Isolated from Oryzomys sp. Rodents in the Amazon Region of Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Wanzeller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99127-w"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814589115"},{"key":"2024012903300913000_108.2.317.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00288"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1706528136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2022-322433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2022-322433","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]}}}