{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:29:21Z","timestamp":1788348561567,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report long-term results of intracameral chemotherapy (ICC) for aqueous seeding (AS) in retinoblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study including 20 patients with primary (n=4) or secondary non-iatrogenic (n=16) AS treated with ICC according to a previously described technique between 2011 and 2020 with at least 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AS control was initially achieved in all cases with a mean 5 injections of melphalan (n=13) or topotecan (n=7). Three eyes had an isolated AS relapse at a mean interval of 8 months after the first ICC course, which regressed with a second course of intracameral melphalan. Concomitant interciliary process seed implantation was treated with additional brachytherapy if sectorial (n=3) or proton therapy if annular (n=1). Other therapies including systemic, intra-arterial chemotherapy and\/or focal treatments were given in 15 eyes to treat concomitant tumour sites. Eye preservation was achieved in 85% of the eyes (n=17\/20) at a mean event-free follow-up of 45 months for aqueous disease, and 40 months for any other intraocular tumour activity. Three cases were enucleated due to refractory non-aqueous disease. All patients are alive without metastasis (mean follow-up of 48 months after first ICC). ICC-related intraocular toxicity included iris atrophy (n=5), cataract (n=4), posterior synechiae (n=2) and iris heterochromia (n=1). No patient suffered irreversible vision loss. Useful to normal vision was found in 82% of the cases (n=14\/17).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICC appears to be safe and efficient for AS without irreversible vision-threatening adverse effects. More data are needed to determine any superiority in efficiency\/toxicity of topotecan versus melphalan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T13:20:13Z","timestamp":1668518413000},"page":"124-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ten-year experience with intracameral chemotherapy for aqueous seeding in retinoblastoma: long-term efficacy, safety and toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Beck-Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Unit, Department of 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