{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:17:45Z","timestamp":1790716665757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of myopia and the distribution of ocular axial length as surrogate for myopic refractive error in school children in a population in Russia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ural Children Eye Study, a school-based case\u2013control study, was conducted in Ufa\/Bashkortostan\/Russia from 2019 to 2022 and included 4933 children (age: 9.7\u00b12.6 years; range: 6.2\u201318.8 years). The parents underwent a detailed interview and the children an ophthalmological and general examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prevalence of any myopia (\u2264\u22120.50 dioptres (D)), minor myopia (\u22120.50 D to \u22121.0 D), moderate myopia (\u22121.01 D to \u22125.99 D) and high myopia (\u2264\u22126.0D) was 2187\/3737 (46.2%; 95%\u2009CI 44.8% to 48.6%), 693\/4737 (14.6%; 95%\u2009CI 13.6% to 15.6%), 1430\/4737 (30.2%; 95%\u2009CI 28.9% to 31.5%) and 64\/4737 (1.4%; 95%\u2009CI 1.0% to 1.7%), respectively. In the children aged 17+ years, prevalence of any, minor, moderate and high myopia was 170\/259 (65.6%; 95%\u2009CI 59.8% to 71.5%), 130\/259 (50.2%; 95%\u2009CI 44.1% to 56.3%), 28\/259 (10.8%; 95%\u2009CI 7.0% to 14.6%) and 12\/259 (4.6%; 95%\u2009CI 2.1% to 7.2%), respectively. After adjusting for corneal refractive power (beta: 0.09) and lens thickness (beta: \u22120.08), larger myopic refractive error was associated (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.19) with older age (beta: 0.33), female sex (beta: 0.04), higher prevalence of maternal (beta: 0.15) and paternal (beta: 0.12) myopia, more time spent in school, with reading books or playing with the cell phone (beta: 0.05) and less total time spent outdoors (beta: 0.05). Axial length and myopic refractive error increased by 0.12\u2009mm (95%\u2009CI 0.11 to 0.13) and \u22120.18 D (95%\u2009CI 0.17 to 0.20), respectively, per year of age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this ethnically mixed urban school children population from Russia, prevalence of any myopia (65.6%) and high myopia (4.6%) in children aged 17+ years was higher than in adult populations in the same region and it was lower than in East Asian school children, with similar associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  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