{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:35:36Z","timestamp":1792798536963,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of science and technology","award":["No. 2021YFC2702104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021YFC2702104"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center Management Project","award":["No. 2022SKMR-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022SKMR-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zrtve16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82003562, 82273648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82003562, 82273648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Excellent Discipline Leader Cultivation Program of Shanghai Three Year Action Plan on Strengthening Public Health System Construction","award":["No.GWV-10.2-XD09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.GWV-10.2-XD09"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program","award":["No.2019YFC0840607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019YFC0840607"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Health Commission","award":["No. 20194Y0308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20194Y0308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research aims to generate normative values of hyperopia reserve and refractive progression as effective tools to estimate the risk of myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 1-year follow-up study was conducted among Chinese children and adolescents aged 3\u201316\u2009years selected from schools and kinder gardens using cluster sampling. All participants underwent examinations including visual acuity, axial length and cycloplegic autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate). Percentiles of spherical equivalent (SE) were calculated using Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. Age-specific refractive progression and hyperopia reserve were determined by backward calculation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 3118 participants, 1702 (54.6%) were boys with a mean baseline age of 7.30\u2009years. The 50th percentile of SE estimated by LMS decreased from 1.04 D at 3\u2009years to \u22122.04 D at 16\u2009years in boys, while from 1.29 D to \u22122.81 D in girls. The 1-year refractive progression of myopes (0.81 D) was greater than that of non-myopes (0.51 D). The normative value of hyperopia reserve was 2.64 (range: 2.40 D\u20132.88 D) at 3\u2009years and \u22120.35 (range: \u22120.50 to \u22120.17) D at 16\u2009years, with the maximum progression of 0.35 D at the age of 6\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age-specific normative values of hyperopia reserve and yearly myopic shift in children and adolescents aged 3\u201316\u2009years were provided, helping identify and monitor myopia and giving prevention in advance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-323468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T13:20:23Z","timestamp":1694697623000},"page":"1024-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Normative value of hyperopia reserve and myopic shift in 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