{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T04:15:26Z","timestamp":1744085726524,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Routine alcohol testing of practicing physicians remains controversial since there are no uniform guidelines or legal regulations in the medical field. Our aim was to quantitatively study the acute and next-morning effects of breath alcohol concentration (BAC)-adjusted alcohol intake on overall simulated surgical performance and microtremor among senior vitreoretinal surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 11 vitreoretinal surgeons (&gt;10 years practice). Surgical performance was first assessed using the Eyesi surgical simulator following same-day alcohol consumption producing a BAC reading of 0.06%\u20130.10% (low-dose), followed by 0.11%\u20130.15% (high-dose). Dexterity was then evaluated after a \u2018night out\u2019 producing a high-dose BAC combined with a night\u2019s sleep. Changes in the total score (0\u2013700, worst-best) and tremor (0\u2013100, best-worst) were measured.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgeon performance declined after high-dose alcohol compared with low-dose alcohol (\u22128.60\u00b110.77 vs \u22121.21\u00b17.71, p=0.04, respectively). The performance during hangover was similar to low-dose alcohol (\u22121.76\u00b114.47 vs \u22121.21\u00b17.71, p=1.00, respectively). The performance during hangover tended to be better than after high-dose alcohol (\u22121.76\u00b114.47 vs \u22128.60\u00b110.77, p=0.09, respectively). Tremor increased during hangover compared with low-dose alcohol (7.33\u00b121.65 vs \u221210.31\u00b110.73, p=0.03, respectively). A trend toward greater tremor during hangover occurred compared with high-dose alcohol (7.33\u00b121.65 vs \u22124.12\u00b117.17, p=0.08, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alcohol-related decline in simulated surgical dexterity among senior vitreoretinal surgeons was dose-dependent. Dexterity improved the following morning but remained comparable to after low-dose alcohol ingestion. Tremor increased during hangover compared with same-day intoxication. Further studies are needed to investigate extrapolations of these data to a real surgical environment regarding patient safety and surgeon performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T07:41:32Z","timestamp":1722498092000},"page":"244-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitreoretinal surgical performance after acute alcohol consumption and hangover"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Roizenblatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Louis","family":"Gehlbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor Dias Gomes Barrios","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Roizenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiago Marques","family":"Fidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Silveira","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Hiroshi","family":"Nakanami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Cruz","family":"Noia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika Sayuri","family":"Yasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octaviano","family":"Magalh\u00e3es Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Antonio Brant","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Rosa","family":"Stefanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Caiado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2658-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Jiramongkolchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel Eid","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens","family":"Belfort Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040422453023000_109.2.244.1","unstructured":"Organization WH . 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