{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:35Z","timestamp":1792787255347,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-016A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-016A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the 1-year results of the efficacy of a defocus distributed multipoint (DDM) lens in controlling myopia progression in a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 168 children aged 6\u201313 years were recruited and randomly assigned to wear a DDM lens (n=84) or single-vision (SV) lens (n=84) in three centres. Cycloplegic autorefraction (spherical equivalent refraction (SER)) and axial length (AL) were measured. Linear mixed model analysis was performed to compare between-group SER and AL changes. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the between-group difference in rapid myopia progression (SER increase\u22650.75 D per year or AL growth\u22650.40 mm per year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 1 year, mean changes in SER were significantly lower in the DDM group (\u22120.47\u00b10.37 D) than in the SV group (\u22120.71\u00b10.42 D) (p&lt;0.001). Similarly, mean changes in AL were significantly lower in the DDM group (0.21\u00b10.17 mm) than in the SV group (0.34\u00b10.16 mm) (p&lt;0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, daily wearing time and parental myopia, rapid myopia progression risk was higher in the SV group than in the DDM group (OR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.77 to 6.99), especially for children who wore a lens for &gt;12 hours per day, boys and younger children (6\u20139 years) with ORs (95% CIs) of 10.82 (3.22 to 36.37), 5.34 (1.93 to 14.78) and 8.73 (2.6 to 29.33), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 1 year, DDM lenses effectively retarded myopia progression in children. Longer daily wearing time of DDM lens improved the efficacy of myopia control. Future long-term studies are needed for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05340699\">NCT05340699<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T13:22:21Z","timestamp":1710854541000},"page":"1583-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["One-year efficacy of myopia control by the defocus distributed multipoint lens: a multicentric randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05340699","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6239"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12980","article-title":"Refractive status and prevalence of myopia among Chinese primary school students","volume":"103","author":"Thorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.5","article-title":"IMI pathologic myopia","volume":"62","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001489"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14524"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.07.011"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0445"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.008"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8453"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3906-z","article-title":"Misight assessment study Spain (MASS). a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"256","author":"Ruiz-Pomeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10565"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ea19c7"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0616-3","article-title":"Effect of spectacle lenses designed to reduce relative peripheral Hyperopia on myopia progression in Japanese children: a 2-year multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Kanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313739"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1122-7","article-title":"A 3-year follow-up study of atropine treatment for progressive myopia in Europeans","volume":"34","author":"Polling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-318367"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0401","article-title":"Spectacle lenses with Aspherical Lenslets for myopia control vs single-vision spectacle lenses: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/aumj.2021.228321","article-title":"Comparative study between the effect of postoperative analgesia using intravenous dexamethasone versus intravenous Pethidine in patients undergoing surgical repair of fractured neck Femur","volume":"1","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aswan University Medical Journal"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303914"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7057.570"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000570","article-title":"Vision performance and accommodative\/Binocular function in children wearing prototype extended depth-of-focus contact lenses","volume":"45","author":"Tilia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2021-321005"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.29","unstructured":"Chinese Optometric Association, Chinese ophthalmological society. expert consensus on myopia management white paper (2022). Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022;24."},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.11.023"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W , Zhu L , Zheng S , et al . Survey on the progression of myopia in children and adolescents in Chongqing during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2021;9. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2021.646770","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.646770"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31829cac92"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.15.6"},{"key":"2025040502501465000_108.11.1583.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.009","article-title":"Comparison of open-field Autorefraction, closed-field Autorefraction, and Retinoscopy for refractive measurements of children and adolescents in Taiwan","volume":"119","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T04:35:29Z","timestamp":1744000529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]}}}