{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:57:32Z","timestamp":1787752652924,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SEED Co Ltd","award":["ZG6E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG6E"]}]},{"name":"SEED Co Ltd","award":["ZG7B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG7B"]}]},{"name":"Government of HKSAR","award":["InnoHK Initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InnoHK Initiative"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-BD5F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-BD5F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between retinal electrophysiological function and myopia progression was evaluated in school-aged children wearing Breath-O-Correct Orthokeratology (OK) lenses compared with those wearing single vision (SV) lenses over 24 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial, children aged 8\u201312 years with \u22121.00 to \u22124.00 D of myopia were recruited. Retinal function was evaluated using global-flash multifocal electroretinography at baseline before OK or SV treatment. Axial length was evaluated at 6-month intervals up to 24 months. The main outcome measures were axial elongation (AE) between groups and the interactive effect of baseline retinal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 70 children (43 OK, 9.8\u00b11.3 years; 27 SV, 9.5\u00b11.4 years) completed the 2-year study and were included in the analysis. The 2-year normalised AE was 0.37\u00b10.37 mm in the OK group and 0.60\u00b10.41 mm in the SV group, respectively. For children in the SV group, the amplitude of the central inner retinal response was negatively correlated with axial length elongation (p=0.03). In contrast, this relationship between retinal electrophysiology and AE was not observed in OK group, indicating that they were independent of each other in children treated with OK (p=0.33).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A weak retinal electrophysiological response was a risk factor for rapid AE in SV controls. However, OK treatment can lower this risk factor and significantly reduce AE in school-aged children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T17:20:18Z","timestamp":1727457618000},"page":"463-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interaction of retinal electrophysiology and novel orthokeratology lens use on myopia control efficacy in children"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0443-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai Yip","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gigi Tsz King","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9900-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Seen Hang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Chuen","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Ho-lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12238","article-title":"Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes","volume":"35","author":"Verkicharla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalm Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24032"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14246","article-title":"Prevalence of macular complications related to myopia - Results of a multicenter evaluation of myopic patients in eye clinics in France","volume":"98","author":"Leveziel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.010"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.033"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.020"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002","article-title":"Three-Year Clinical Trial of Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Continued Versus Washout: Phase 3 Report","volume":"129","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1136","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14166","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine 0.01% for the treatment of childhood myopia in European patients","volume":"97","author":"Sacchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317664"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.43781","article-title":"Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10565"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093210","article-title":"Myopia Control Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of a Novel Orthokeratology Lens (MESOK Study)\u2014A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Combining Clinical and Tear Proteomics Data","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025032402050701000_109.4.463.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14911","article-title":"Control of myopia using orthokeratology lenses in Scandinavian children aged 6 to 12 years. 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