{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:15Z","timestamp":1787016975439,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses are known to be able to inhibit axial length (AL) growth in myopic children compared with single vision (SV) spectacle lenses. However, it is not known whether AL growth is sufficiently inhibited to achieve the treatment goal of physiological AL growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the data already collected in 2014\u20132017 by Lam\n                      <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the AL growth with DIMS and SV spectacle lenses was re-evaluated according to the age-matched myopia control system. The individual AL growth after the first year of treatment of each eye was plotted against the corresponding age of the same time point in a colour-coded scheme. The two treatment groups were further subdivided based on their age and their baseline AL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 65% (61% of male, 70% of female) of eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses and 16% (16% of male, 16% of female) of eyes with SV spectacle lenses are within range of physiological AL growth rate. Median AL growth rate of eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses is also within the range of physiological growth. In the subgroups, eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses were also superior to the ones with SV spectacle lenses regarding this treatment goal. Of the children with SV spectacle lenses, older children and children with eyes with high baseline AL were least likely to achieve physiological AL growth rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DIMS spectacle lenses can bring the AL growth rate of myopic children to the level of physiological AL growth rate, indicating 100% reduction of excessive myopic AL growth, independent of age and baseline AL. Older children and children with eyes with high AL have the risk to have increased AL growth without treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1701091935000},"page":"1060-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Age-matched analysis of axial length growth in myopic children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birte","family":"Graff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6808-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly S Y","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4600-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Vlasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072308350685000_108.8.1060.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957"},{"key":"2024072308350685000_108.8.1060.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000317072"},{"key":"2024072308350685000_108.8.1060.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.5","article-title":"IMI-nonpathological human ocular tissue changes with axial myopia","volume":"64","author":"Jonas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2024072308350685000_108.8.1060.4","unstructured":"Donders FC . 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