{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:35Z","timestamp":1792787255213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202340221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202340221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China","award":["20Y11911200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20Y11911200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical features, multimodal imaging, treatments and natural course of acute spontaneous vortex vein occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical data were collected on nine patients with acute vortex vein occlusion. The symptoms and signs, multimodal imaging, treatments and follow-up results were summarised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six patients (66.7%) were men and three (33.3%) were women. The mean age was 47.8\u00b115.4 years. Patients were initially misdiagnosed as having choroidal tumour (66.7%), scleritis (22.2%) and peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (11.1%). The related clinical characteristics included choroidal pseudo-tumour (100%), anterior segment injection (88.9%), acute ocular pain (77.8%), transient blurred vision (66.7%) and subsequent scleral icterus (66.7%). Six patients (66.7%) experienced a definite Valsalva manoeuvre prior to the onset. In acute phase, ultrasonography showed a low-to-medium reflective lesion without inside blood flow signal (mean thickness, 2.7\u00b10.6\u2009mm). Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) demonstrated the dilated vortex veins and ampulla with suprachoroidal haemorrhage and exudation. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) demonstrated choroidal circulation abnormalities in the affected quadrant. MRI showed a well-defined mass with enhancement. The main treatment was medical observation (44.5%). The choroidal pseudo-tumour spontaneously resolved with a mean course of 4.1\u00b11.9 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute vortex vein occlusion is a rare condition and initial misdiagnosis is not uncommon. It is mainly identified as an evanescent choroidal pseudo-tumour with acute pain, red eye and blurred vision. Widefield ICGA and SS-OCTA can offer valuable diagnostic clues. Medical observation may be a treatment option.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T13:21:49Z","timestamp":1710768109000},"page":"1571-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Acute spontaneous vortex vein occlusion: clinical features, multimodal imaging and natural 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