{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:08:19Z","timestamp":1787699299483,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corrective squint surgery has a significant psychological impact, affecting both the quality of life and mental health of patients. This study highlights the quantitative and subjective assessment of both the psychological and functional outcomes of squint surgery in adults having horizontal strabismus with no preoperative diplopia using a Quality-Of-Life Adult Strabismus 20 (QOL AS-20) questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is a retrospective cohort study on patients with uncomplicated, horizontal squint; with no vertical deviation and was conducted as part of a departmental clinical audit. It also aimed to challenge local clinical commissioning group (CCG) funding restrictions for what they regarded as a \u2018cosmetic procedure\u2019. The QOL AS-20 questionnaires were completed before and 3 months after surgery and were analysed using the paired Wilcoxon signed rank t-test which showed significant improvement. A Freedom of Information Act request sought information on strabismus surgery funding restrictions from all CCGs to explore variations in perceptions throughout England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>28 patients were included in the study. The overall success of squint surgery was 67.5%. The median QOL AS-20 questionnaire overall score increased from 28.125 to 88.75 (p value&lt;0.00001), functional subscale from 46.25 to 87.5 (p value&lt;0.00001) and psychological subscale from 15 to 90 (p value&lt;0.00001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Squint surgery in non-diplopic adults with horizontal squint surgery should be regarded as restorative of normal anatomy from a pathological state rather than a cosmetic procedure.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Restrictions to accessing this surgery may increase, especially during post-COVID-19. This patient-focused service evaluation demonstrates the substantial psychosocial benefits of such surgery, as evidenced through quality-of-life assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T17:20:31Z","timestamp":1720891231000},"page":"152-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychological and functional outcomes of horizontal squint surgery in adults with no preoperative diplopia using Quality-of-Life AS-20 questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nervine","family":"El Meshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidy","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saj","family":"Amarakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Harrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivi","family":"Choleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(03)00112-5"},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.11.018"},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3484"},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.089516"},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.043"},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.6","unstructured":"Royal College of Ophthalmologists . FRCOphth commissioning guidance: strabismus surgery for adults in the United kingdom: indications, evidence base and benefits. August 2017."},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.7","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Methods for the development of NICE public health guidance. process and methods guides no. 4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): London; September 26, 2012."},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.8","unstructured":"NHS Clinical Commissioners . Evidence-based interventions: guidance for CCGS 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ebi-statutory-guidance-v2.pdf [Accessed 17 Oct 2021]."},{"key":"2025040105501510000_109.1.152.9","unstructured":"The Medical Group Technology . 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