{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T09:23:47Z","timestamp":1793784227382,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gonorrhoea is on the rise: between 2021 and 2022, a 50% and a 33% increase in diagnoses was seen, respectively, in England and the Netherlands. A concurrent rise in gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis (GKC) is a serious concern due to the potentially devastating visual complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective case series of adult GKC from two Western European tertiary ophthalmology centres between 2017 and July 2023. The clinical features, ocular complications and antimicrobial susceptibilities are reported within.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increased incidence was recorded at both centres, with 11 confirmed cases in the first 7 months of 2023, compared with \u22643 per year in 2017\u20132022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The notable increase of GKC cases in our centres in 2023 may indicate a rise across Western Europe. Enhanced, sustained, national surveillance of GKC is essential to establish incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility, to inform treatment guidelines and guide appropriate public health response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T18:20:13Z","timestamp":1708107613000},"page":"788-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Increased incidence of adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis at two tertiary eye hospitals in Western Europe: clinical features, complications and antimicrobial susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice L","family":"Milligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C","family":"Randag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybren","family":"Lekkerkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Fifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.2","unstructured":"UKHSA . Sexually transmitted infections and screening for chlamydia in England: 2022 report [Internet]. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables\/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-screening-for-chlamydia-in-england-2022-report"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.3","unstructured":"Kayaert L , Sarink D , et al, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu . Sexually transmitted infections in the Netherlands in 2022. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/publicaties\/sexually-transmitted-infections-in-netherlands-in-2022"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.4","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) . Multi-drug resistant Gonorrhoea [Internet]. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/multi-drug-resistant-gonorrhoea"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day M , Pitt R , Mody N , et al . 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Available: https:\/\/gardp.org\/positive-results-announced-in-largest-pivotal-phase-3-trial-of-a-first-in-class-oral-antibiotic-to-treat-uncomplicated-gonorrhoea\/"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0128-6","article-title":"Gonorrhoea","volume":"5","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90495-9"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.9","unstructured":"Berrett G . Adult gonococcal conjunctivitis: case series in the United Kingdom (UK). Investigative ophthalmology and visual science [Internet]. 2021. Available: https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2774476"},{"key":"2024052109250896000_108.6.788.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chasco CG , Carreras-Casta\u00f1er X , Zboromyrska Y , et al . 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