{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:49:28Z","timestamp":1783086568567,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22XD1422900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22XD1422900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the short-term effects of different sunlight exposure on fundus blood flow perfusion (BFP) after near work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this parallel randomised controlled trial, 81 students aged 7\u201315 with spherical equivalent refraction between \u22122.00 and +3.00 diopters were randomly assigned to either a low-illuminance (4k lux) group (N=40) or high-illuminance (10k lux) (N=41). Following 1\u2009hour indoor reading, participants had sunlight exposure matching their group\u2019s intensity for 15\u2009minutes. BFPs in the superficial retina, deep retina and choroid were measured at four time points: pre-reading, post-reading, 5th-minute and 15th-minute sunlight exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the initial 5\u2009minutes of sunlight exposure, the 10k lux group showed a tendency for decreased BFP, particularly in the choroid (superficial retina: \u22120.2, 95% CI \u22120.9 to 0.5; deep retina: \u22120.1, 95% CI \u22120.6 to 0.4; choroid: \u22120.4, 95% CI \u22120.8 to 0.0), while the 4k lux group exhibited an increase (superficial retina: 0.7, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3; deep retina: 0.3, 95% CI \u22120.2 to 0.8; choroid: 0.1, 95% CI \u22120.2 to 0.5). From 5 to 15\u2009minutes, BFP decreased in both groups. At the 5th-minute mark, the 10k lux group exhibited a greater decrease in choroid (10k \u22120.4 vs 4k 0.1, p=0.051). No significant difference was observed after 15\u2009minutes of exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher illuminance sunlight exposure can restore fundus BFP more rapidly than lower; however, duration remains pivotal. To prevent myopia, continuous sunlight exposure for over 15\u2009minutes is recommended to aid in reinstating the fundus BFP increased by near work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05594732\">NCT05594732<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-325715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T17:22:31Z","timestamp":1720545751000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Short-term effects of sunlight exposure on fundus blood flow perfusion in children: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05594732","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3493-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinliuxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040105501705000_109.1.139.1","unstructured":"Vision impairment and blindness. 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