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Rates of macular wiVD (whole-image vessel density) and ONH wiCD (whole-image capillary density) changes were calculated for each diagnosis group using join mixed-effect modelling. Differences in wiVD\/wiCD change rates across diagnoses were examined through pairwise comparison. Relationships of baseline 24-2 visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) with wiVD\/wiCD change rates were evaluated for POAG eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 36, 57 and 79 eyes (25, 38 and 50 subjects) in healthy, GS and POAG groups, respectively. Rates of wiVD (range:\u22120.72 to \u22120.92 %\/year) and wiCD (range:\u22120.28 to \u22120.66 %\/year) loss were different from zero in all groups (p&lt;0.05). The rates of wiCD loss differed across all diagnosis groups (p&lt;0.001), while wiVD change rates did not increase when comparing healthy to GS eyes (p=0.167). Baseline VF MD showed a significant but modest correlation with the rates of both wiVD and wiCD loss (p&lt;0.05), and the correlation with wiCD change rate was slightly stronger (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.27 vs 0.16).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In glaucoma, there is earlier microvasculature loss in the ONH than in the macula. Moreover, ONH VD loss shows a slightly stronger association with baseline VF than macular VD. Observing ONH VD loss with OCTA may help to monitor early glaucoma, which should be confirmed by future larger studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-325746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T17:20:28Z","timestamp":1730136028000},"page":"490-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Longitudinal OCTA vessel density loss in macula and optic nerve head in healthy, glaucoma suspect and established glaucoma eyes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00221897","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo-Hsuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasan","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8312-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Adelpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Kamalipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopikasree","family":"Gunasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda M","family":"Zangwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N","family":"Weinreb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001463"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313461"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.027"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304326"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322470"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.006"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.01.004"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.020"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.08.069","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and macular thickness measurements for glaucoma detection using optical coherence tomography","volume":"Online First","author":"Medeiros","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181e079ed"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201599","article-title":"A comparative study of structural, functional and circulatory parameters in glaucoma diagnostics","volume":"13","author":"Kurysheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173930","article-title":"A comparison of the diagnostic ability of vessel density and structural measurements of optical coherence tomography in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22865"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.187"},{"key":"2025032402050697000_109.4.490.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.49","article-title":"African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): II. 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