{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T19:43:09Z","timestamp":1775418189890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALF","award":["2022-YF0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-YF0045"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Crown Princess Margaret\u2019s Foundation","award":["2023-031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-031"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010130","name":"Foundation for the Visually Impaired","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Eye Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011077","name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Edvin Gistr\u00f6m Foundation","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018666","name":"Carmen and Bertil Regn\u00e9r\u2019s Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It is unclear whether a reduction in tear secretion contributes to the discomfort experienced by those with prosthetic eyes. Tear secretion has hitherto only been measured with the Schirmer test which may be affected by the pooling of tears behind the prosthesis. In this study, direct imaging of the lacrimal gland has been performed to measure tear secretion in anophthalmic sockets. The relation between the area of meibomian glands and dry eye symptoms was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>12 patients were included. The amount of tear secretion was measured by direct imaging of the lacrimal gland while the presence of meibomian glands was determined using meibography. The 5-item Dry Eye Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of dry eye.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No difference was found in tear secretion between the anophthalmic socket and the contralateral eye. The area of meibomian glands was significantly reduced in eyelids on the side of the prosthetic eye, compared with the contralateral eye. Seven patients reported symptoms indicative of dry eye in the anophthalmic socket, compared with only two in the contralateral eye.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The effects of an eye prosthesis on meibomian glands may contribute to the frequently perceived symptoms of dry eye despite unaffected in tear secretion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-325777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T17:20:10Z","timestamp":1725124810000},"page":"300-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tear secretion is preserved while the area of meibomian glands is reduced in patients with prosthetic eyes, contributing to the symptoms of dry eye"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin","family":"Bohman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Berggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Malmsj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040422453028000_109.2.300.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.468","article-title":"Association between Frequency of Prosthesis Cleaning and the Discharge Characteristics and the Tear Film in Subjects with Anophthalmic Socket after Eviceration with Dermis Fat Graft","volume":"6","author":"Adrian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025040422453028000_109.2.300.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.016","article-title":"Tear Film, Lacrimal Drainage System, and Eyelid Findings in Subjects With Anophthalmic Socket Discharge","volume":"165","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025040422453028000_109.2.300.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.10.023"},{"key":"2025040422453028000_109.2.300.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.001","article-title":"Dry anophthalmic socket syndrome - 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