{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:21:16Z","timestamp":1791346876266,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to identify the various clinical characteristics and ocular imaging features of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in HIV patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational retrospective study of 52 eyes of 38 HIV patients with OT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>68% of patients were male. 53.8% of eyes had keratic precipitates, anterior chamber cells were seen in 61.5%. 57.69% (n=30) eyes had de novo presentation of retinitis and 42.3% (n=22) of eyes had a retinochoroidal scar at presentation. Bilateral presentation was seen in 37% (n=14). Unifocal retinitis was noted in 38.4% (n=20) and 61.5% of eyes had multifocal (multizonal) retinitis (n=32). The most common multizonal involvement was noted in combined zone 1+2(n=14, 26.9%). The average horizontal and vertical measurements retinitis was 8.35\u2009mm and 7.48\u2009mm, respectively. The average area of retinitis was 66.2 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Localised posterior vitreous detachment was seen in 83% of eyes and posterior hyaloid precipitates were noted in (n=7,39%) of eyes. Retinitis without retinal pigment epithelium elevation occurred in 88.8% of cases, compared with retinitis with retinal pigment epithelium elevation seen in 44.4% of eyes. 50% of eyes had thickened choroid beneath the retinitis lesion. Other unique signs of optical coherence tomography (OCT) noted were angular signs of Henle fibre layer hyper-reflectivity sign (n=1), halo lesions with central hypo (n=3) and choroidal excavation (n=1).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>OT in HIV patients presents with large, bilateral, multifocal retinitis, generally devoid of haemorrhages and can rarely have central clearing. These lesions may present with or without a previous retinochoroidal scar. These lesions have horizontal spread and may not always have thickened choroid on OCT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-326306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T13:25:15Z","timestamp":1732109115000},"page":"594-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical characteristics and optical coherence tomography features of ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients: report 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6287-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anamika","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uveitis and Scleritis Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina and Uveitis Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute GMR Varalakshmi Campus, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 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