{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T02:33:37Z","timestamp":1769135617414,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Maccabi Healthcare Services","award":["0128-21-MHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0128-21-MHS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reports have suggested that treatment with systemic \u03b2-adrenoceptor antagonists (\u03b2-blockers) may increase the risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). The objective of this study was to assess the association between the use of topical \u03b2-blockers and PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study. All newly diagnosed glaucoma patients between 2000 and 2020 were recruited from the anonymised electronic medical records of a large healthcare provider. Patients were followed until December 2021 for the occurrence of PD. The patients were divided into two groups according to topical \u03b2-blocker use. Cox proportional-hazards models were used, and HRs with 95% CIs were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort included 13\u2009381 glaucoma patients, of whom 10\u2009075 used topical \u03b2-blockers (\u03b2B group) and 3306 did not (no-\u03b2B group). Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Mean follow-up time and mean number of filled prescriptions for anti-glaucoma medication (total and annually) were significantly greater in the \u03b2B group (p&lt;0.0001). During follow-up, 175 patients (1.31%) were diagnosed with PD, 145 in the \u03b2B group and 30 in the no-\u03b2B group. The HR for PD among topical \u03b2-blocker users compared with non-users was 1.16 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.72, p=0.47). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in PD-free survival between the groups (p=0.47).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical \u03b2-blocker use was not associated with an increased risk of PD. These findings suggest that topical \u03b2-blockers are a safe therapeutic option, even for patients at potential risk for PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-326689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1756920020000},"page":"148-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topical \u03b2-blockers for treatment of glaucoma and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Meshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Giladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical & 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