{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:08:01Z","timestamp":1770278881091,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate structural and visual functional parameters in ethambutol-related toxic optic neuropathy (EON).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective study, we recruited 95 adults with EON presenting within 1\u2009month of onset and 100 age-matched healthy controls. Best-corrected visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart), colour vision (Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates), contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson chart), Humphrey visual field analysis (HVF 30\u20132 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm-FAST), visual evoked response and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and papillomacular bundle (PMB) analyses were done at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Almost 52% eyes showed significant visual improvement of \u2265 2 Snellen lines after stopping the drug. RNFL (cases-100.84\u00b121.87\u2009\u00b5m vs controls-98.05\u00b17.21\u2009\u00b5m; p=0.37) and PMB thickness (cases-51.10\u00b117.26\u2009\u00b5m vs controls-53.45\u00b16.42\u2009\u00b5m; p=0.19) in cases were comparable with controls at baseline, but showed significant thinning at 6 months follow-up (RNFL \u221283.77\u00b121.06\u2009\u00b5m; PMB-30.96\u00b111.02\u2009\u00b5m; p&lt;0.0001 for both). Average GC-IPL thickness (cases-29.66\u00b16.86\u2009\u00b5m; controls-39.68\u00b12.59\u2009\u00b5m) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL) volume (cases-0.85\u00b10.17\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; controls-1.08\u00b10.069\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was significantly less as compared with controls (p&lt;0.0001 for all) at baseline and showed significant further deterioration on follow-up (p&lt;0.001 for all). The average GC-IPL thickness (p value :&lt;0.0001, r:\u22120.31), GCL volume (p value :&lt;0.000, r:\u22120.29) and PMB thickness (p value :0.043, r:\u22120.14) showed a significant negative correlation with final vision at 6 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Progressive structural damage despite visual improvement raises concern about the irreversible nature of EON. PMB, GC-IPL thickness and GCL volume are better predictors of visual recovery in EON.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-327475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T01:55:12Z","timestamp":1756173312000},"page":"185-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of visual function and OCT parameters in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9988-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebika","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharam","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8817-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gandepalli","family":"Lavanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anant","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1939-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amar","family":"Pujari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swati","family":"Phuljhele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4021-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1962.00960020566009"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Ocular toxicity of ethambutol","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900323","article-title":"Early stage ethambutol optic neuropathy: retinal nerve fiber layer and optical coherence tomography","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113118"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1053-1"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.5.615"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31818e3c6b"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1997.13.473","article-title":"Reversibility of ethambutol optic neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-009-9293-z"},{"key":"2026012202151218000_110.2.185.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2320-8775.196644","article-title":"Recent changes in technical and operational guidelines for tuberculosis control programme in India - 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