{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:30:06Z","timestamp":1792805406541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE19-0010-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE19-0010-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To analyse the value of the Corvis\n                      <jats:sup>ST<\/jats:sup>\n                      indices in diagnosing corneal stromal and endothelial disorders (CSEDs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This institutional retrospective case\u2013control study included 903 eyes with a CSED and 597 normal eyes (controls), assessed with Corvis\n                      <jats:sup>ST<\/jats:sup>\n                      and MS39. Main outcome measures: Corvis\n                      <jats:sup>ST<\/jats:sup>\n                      indices. The collected data were divided into a training set (70%) and a test set (30%). Artificial intelligence frameworks were used to distinguish each disorder from controls and to classify corneas into seven groups: keratoconus, high-risk corneas for keratoconus, laser corneal refractive surgery (LCRS), endothelial disorders, stromal opacities, glaucoma corneas and normal corneas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stress-strain index (SSI) significantly increased with age in the control group. Compared with controls matched for age\/sex, keratoconus was associated with Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) &gt;0.51 (area under the curve, 0.99), Ambr\u00f3sio\u2019s relational thickness horizontal (ARTh) &lt;425.5 (0.97), deflection amplitude at the time of the first applanation (SPA-A1) &lt;96.3 (0.97) and Pachy&lt;522.4\u2009\u00b5m (0.91); high-risk corneas with a difference in CBI between fellow eyes (CBI SYM) &gt;0.14 (0.98), (L2) &lt;1.95 (0.83) and Pachy&lt;549.7\u2009\u00b5m (0.71); LCRS with ARTh&lt;455.1 (0.93) and CBI&gt;0.35 (0.83); corneal endothelial disorders with Pachy SYM&gt;19.7\u2009\u00b5m (0.83), Pachy&gt;569.1\u2009\u00b5m (0.82) and CBI SYM&gt;0.14 (0.77); stromal opacities with SPA-A1 SYM&gt;11.8 (0.92), ARTh&lt;569.9 (0.89), SSI SYM&gt;0.14 (0.89) and CBI&gt;0.22 (0.86). A logistic regression function using all indices reached an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 for glaucoma diagnosis. The TabPFN model provided the best accuracy (88.7%) for diagnosing the seven corneal conditions. SSI, SPA-A1, CBI and Pachy correlated with keratoconus grade. Keratoplasty for keratoconus improved but failed to restore normal corneal biomechanics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Corvis\n                      <jats:sup>ST<\/jats:sup>\n                      indices are relevant for diagnosing CESDs and distinguishing various disorders from each other.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-327855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:06:11Z","timestamp":1761206771000},"page":"396-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Corvis\n                    <sup>ST<\/sup>\n                    biomechanical indices in the diagnosis of corneal stromal and endothelial disorders: an artificial intelligence-based comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1395-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Michel","family":"Borderie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Georgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassim","family":"Louissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Memmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Hamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nacim","family":"Bouheraoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital National des 15-20, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatole","family":"Chessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032002151770000_110.4.396.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108256","article-title":"Development, structure, and bioengineering of the human corneal stroma: A review of collagen-based implants","volume":"200","author":"Tidu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"2026032002151770000_110.4.396.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13194-6","article-title":"Stromal striae: a new insight into corneal physiology and mechanics","volume":"7","author":"Grieve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026032002151770000_110.4.396.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106770","article-title":"Mechanical properties of stromal striae, and their impact on corneal tissue behavior","volume":"160","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"2026032002151770000_110.4.396.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000282","article-title":"Importance of accurately assessing biomechanics of the cornea","volume":"27","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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