{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:50:07Z","timestamp":1782121807137,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"Israeli Innovation Authority","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Talshir Medical Technologies Ltd","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited treatment options to improve vision in patients with infantile nystagmus. We aimed to examine the use of repeated visual stimulation with Gabor patches to improve vision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective randomised (3:1) controlled single-blind study. Included were patients aged 9\u201355 years with infantile nystagmus, treated in one tertiary referral centre in central Israel. The treatment group underwent visual stimulation for 4\u2009months, which consisted of treatment sessions of approximately 30\u2009min, 3\u20134 times a week, using web-based dedicated software. Controls were followed without treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>26 patients were treated, and 10 served as controls. Mean age was 22.47\u00b112 years. 12\/26 (46%) of treated subjects achieved driving licence best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (20\/40) versus 1\/10 (10%) of controls. Distance BCVA improved by 0.11\u00b10.07 logMAR (one line) in treated patients compared with 0.013\u00b10.06 logMAR in controls (p&lt;0.001). Near BCVA improved by 0.20\u00b10.18 logMAR (2 lines) in treated patients compared with 0.06\u00b10.06 logMAR in controls (p=0.040). 88% (8\/9) of study patients who had no stereopsis prior to treatment achieved stereopsis (mean 630\u2019) as opposed to 25% (1\/4) of controls (p=0.10). Mean stereoacuity and contrast sensitivity improved by 802\u00b1730\u2032 and 292\u00b1391% in the study group as opposed to 246\u00b1376\u2032 and 152\u00b167% in controls, respectively (p=0.031; p=0.157).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual perceptual learning using Gabor patches resulted in a significant improvement in near and distance visual acuity, as well as stereopsis. This modality may represent a promising non-invasive treatment option for improving visual function in patients with infantile nystagmus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T07:05:18Z","timestamp":1765868718000},"page":"746-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of perceptual learning among patients with infantile nystagmus: a prospective single-blind randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5634-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idan","family":"Hecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7747-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Yahalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ora","family":"Abaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi","family":"Einan-Lifshitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Pras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Erdinest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigal","family":"Zmujack-Yehiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1320"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200502000-00004","article-title":"Pharmacology of vertigo\/nystagmus\/oscillopsia","volume":"18","author":"Straube","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.3","first-page":"599","article-title":"New operation for nystagmus","volume":"6","author":"Kestenbaum","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.4","first-page":"37","article-title":"Surgery for the treatment of vertical head posturing associated with infantile nystagmus syndrome: results in 24 patients","volume":"39","author":"Hertle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00107-2","article-title":"Current directions in visual perceptual learning","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01529-x","article-title":"Neural ensembles in the murine medial prefrontal cortex process distinct information during visual perceptual learning","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2026062202151367000_110.7.746.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ernst U , Den\u00e8ve S , Meinhardt G . 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