{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:04:17Z","timestamp":1780077857590,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M763790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M763790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GBRCE for Major Blinding Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global ageing population has heightened the importance of eye health, yet comprehensive assessments of blindness and vision impairment (BVI) burden among older adults remain limited. Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we analysed trends and disparities in BVI and major eye diseases across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 among adults aged \u226570 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age-standardised prevalence (ASPR), years lived with disability, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated for BVI and its leading causes, stratified by age, sex, region and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, between 1990 and 2021, the number of BVI cases increased 156% (94.5 to 242\u2009million) with an AAPC of 0.11%. Women experienced a faster rise in ASPR than men (AAPC 0.16% vs 0.11%). Age-specific analysis revealed divergent trends: prevalence rose in the 70\u201384\u2009age group (peak AAPC 1.02% in 70\u201374 years) but declined in those \u226585 years (AAPC \u22120.23% in 85\u201389 years). With increasing SDI, the prevalence rate for BVI and major blinding eye diseases significantly decreased (p&lt;0.001). Regionally, high-income North America showed the largest ASPR reductions (AAPC \u22120.30%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic expansion and ageing are the primary drivers of the rise in absolute BVI burden among adults aged \u226570 years since 1990, with persistent inequities across sex and SDI levels. Further country-specific analyses, particularly in settings with limited primary data, will help refine estimates and support future research and service planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:20:22Z","timestamp":1780075222000},"page":"bjo-2025-328311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends of blindness and visual impairment in individuals aged 70 and older"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7751-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, 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