{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:11:06Z","timestamp":1789672266342,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the 12-month efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy combined with orthokeratology (ortho-k) (RCO) for controlling myopia in Spanish children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this single-site, randomised, parallel-group, non-blinded clinical trial (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06899139\">NCT06899139<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ), eligible myopic children aged 10\u201313 years were recruited and assigned randomly either to the RCO group or the ortho-k group. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6, 9 and 12 months after baseline. The primary outcome and secondary outcome were the axial length (AL) and macular thickness (MT) changes at 12 months estimated by longitudinal mixed model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants (n=26; 11 in the RCO group and 15 in the ortho-k group) were included in the analysis. After 12 months, the adjusted mean AL change was \u22120.124\u2009mm (95%\u2009CI \u22120.164 to \u22120.084) in the RCO group, whereas the ortho-k group continued to exhibit a modest axial elongation of 0.102\u2009mm (95%\u2009CI 0.068 to 0.136). The adjusted mean difference in AL change was \u22120.226\u2009mm (95%\u2009CI \u22120.279 to \u22120.174) between the groups (p&lt;0.001). Additionally, the adjusted mean change in MT showed no significant difference between groups at 12 months. In the RCO group, 80% of children achieved AL shortening &gt;\u22120.05\u2009mm, whereas no children in the ortho-k group showed AL shortening. No severe adverse events were reported during the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining RLRL therapy with ortho-k is an effective and safe myopia control strategy in Caucasian Spanish children, supporting the potential generalisability of the synergistic effect across diverse ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:45:16Z","timestamp":1763664316000},"page":"771-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Repeated low-level red-light therapy combined with orthokeratology for myopia control in Spain: a randomised controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06899139","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06899139","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Fidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Fern\u00e1ndez-Vel\u00e1zquez, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria D","family":"Ferigo Ferrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Fern\u00e1ndez-Vel\u00e1zquez, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8283-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3611-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Yin-Moe Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eyerising International, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando J","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Fern\u00e1ndez-Vel\u00e1zquez, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062202151374000_110.7.771.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis 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