{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1776795407997,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in a general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study, we assessed macular volume optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans for ERMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 1351 eyes (914 participants) (age: 64.7\u00b19.8 years; range: 50\u201391 years). ERMs were detected in 80 eyes (5.9%; 95%\u2009CI 4.9% to 6.9%) of 60 participants (6.6%; 95%\u2009CI 5.1% to 8.1%), with ERMs without retinal surface wrinkling in 34 (2.5%) eyes, ERMs with retinal surface wrinkling and normal fovea contour in 16 (1.2%) eyes, ERMs with reduced foveal depth in 20 (1.5%) eyes, ERMs with complete foveal flattening in 6 (0.4%) eyes and ERMs with foveal elevation in 4 (0.2%) eyes. Hyper-reflective epiretinal dots (HEDs) were detected in 114 (8.4%) eyes. Higher ERM prevalence was associated (multivariable analysis) with higher stage of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) (OR: 1.81; 95%\u2009CI 1.34 to 2.45; p&lt;0.001), older age (OR: 1.05; 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.09; p=0.002), higher prevalence of HEDs (OR: 9.18; 95%\u2009CI 4.85 to 17.4; p&lt;0.001) and worse best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (OR: 2.75; 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 7.30; p=0.04), but not with axial length (p=0.69) or pseudophakia (p=0.98). Out of 746 eyes without PVD, 3 (0.4%) eyes had ERMs (without retinal surface wrinkling) and 9 (1.2%) eyes showed HEDs. Higher ERM stage increased with higher PVD stage (beta: 0.32; p&lt;0.001), older age (beta: 0.11; p=0.006) and worse BCVA (beta: 0.07; p=0.04), but not with axial length (p=0.75) or pseudophakia (p=0.71).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As measured by OCT, ERM prevalence was mainly associated with PVD and to a minor degree with older age and worse BCVA, while longer axial length, pseudophakia or ocular diseases such as age-related macular disease and glaucoma were not related to prevalence and stage of ERMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1776792020000},"page":"bjo-2025-328433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epiretinal 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Heidelberg, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Myopie, Paris, France"},{"name":"L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr. Panda-Jonas, Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr. Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul A","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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