{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:09:55Z","timestamp":1792858195016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"name":"Japan Retina and Vitreous Society","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop prediction models for identifying cases with poor visual outcomes after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All data were obtained from the Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry. Patients with visual acuity (VA) recorded at 6\u2009months after the surgery for primary RRD were included. For identifying the cases with poor VA defined as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA\u22651.0 at 6 months post-surgery, 47 clinical features were selected out of 288 features, then three different machine learning (ML) algorithms (LightGBM, XGBoost and Random Forest) and logistic regression were used to construct models. Discriminative accuracies of the constructed models were compared with the Primary Retinal detachment Outcomes (PRO) score, a previously proposed scoring system for the same purpose. We also estimated the continuous VA using the same three ML algorithms and linear regression model to detect individuals with poor postoperative VA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2658 patients were included. We observed that all the constructed ML models showed high discriminative accuracies (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; AUROC: 0.876\u20130.901). Of the constructed models, the Random Forest model achieved the highest discriminative accuracy (AUROC: 0.901; 95% CI 0.881 to 0.921). The performance of this model appeared to be superior to the PRO score (AUROC: 0.794, 95%\u2009CI 0.744 to 0.839).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ML models predict poor visual prognosis after primary RRD surgery with high discriminative accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:20:19Z","timestamp":1783099219000},"page":"bjo-2025-328480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying patients with poor visual outcomes after primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery using machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai Fujita","family":"Sajiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanae","family":"Fukutsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoh","family":"Funatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7410-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1879-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000499489","article-title":"Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Europe - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"242","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14380","article-title":"The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is increasing","volume":"98","author":"Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000514538","article-title":"Predictive Factors for Long-Term Postoperative Visual Outcome in Patients with Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Treated with Vitrectomy","volume":"244","author":"Chatziralli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00886-7"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091761"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-320440"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01197-2","article-title":"Eight ways machine learning is assisting medicine","volume":"27","author":"May","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-019-00702-6"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","article-title":"Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement","volume":"350","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.4587","article-title":"The Royal College of Ophthalmologists\u2019 National Ophthalmology Database Study of Vitreoretinal Surgery: Report 6, Diabetic Vitrectomy","volume":"134","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.11","unstructured":"Ke G , Meng Q , Finley T , et al . Lightgbm: a highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. 2017."},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T , Guestrin C . XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining; 2016 doi:10.1145\/2939672.2939785","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x","article-title":"The Regression Analysis of Binary Sequences","volume":"20","author":"Cox","year":"1958","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.15","unstructured":"Graybill FA . Theory and application of the linear model. 1976."},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.17","first-page":"838","article-title":"Precision-recall-gain curves: PR analysis done right","volume":"28","author":"Flach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.153","article-title":"Modelling postoperative visual acuity with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy associated with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"26","author":"Rold\u00e1n-Pallar\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001512","article-title":"Factors associated with visual outcome after macula-off 423 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.129437"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(00)00205-7"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.01.014","article-title":"Effect of Duration of Macular Detachment on Visual Prognosis after Surgery for Macula-Off Retinal Detachment: Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry","volume":"7","author":"Miyake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1021-y","article-title":"Factors affecting visual recovery after successful repair of macula-off retinal detachments: findings from a large prospective UK cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Yorston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-308153"},{"key":"2026070310200946000_bjo-2025-328480v1.25","unstructured":"World Health Organization . International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th revision)."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-328480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:20:31Z","timestamp":1783099231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-328480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2025-328480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-328480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}