{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:04:42Z","timestamp":1777953882747,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020265","name":"Stan Perron Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No specific individual grant or award was used"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific individual grant or award was used"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"Victorian Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No specific individual grant or award was used"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific individual grant or award was used"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia","award":["No specific individual grant or award was used"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific individual grant or award was used"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an important tool in evaluating retinal vascular disease. In the era of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), however, expert preferences regarding the comparative utility of FFA and OCTA remain unclear. Additionally, despite FFA\u2019s widespread use, variability exists in the terminology used to describe angiographic findings. This study aimed to establish expert consensus on clinical indications for FFA versus OCTA and to provide consensus definitions of key angiographic terms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a two-round modified Delphi process, 25 retinal subspecialists provided perspectives on the clinical indications for FFA in the assessment of a range of retinal vascular conditions. They also evaluated proposed definitions for FFA findings in retinal vascular diseases. Consensus was defined as \u226580% agreement and near consensus as 70%\u201379%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experts agreed that FFA is preferable for the diagnosis of retinal vasculitis, ocular ischaemic syndrome and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, even when OCTA is available. Furthermore, FFA was the favoured imaging modality to guide laser photocoagulation in branch retinal vein occlusion. Conversely, FFA was considered non-essential in evaluating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and mild-to-moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Finally, definitions were agreed on for seven FFA terms used in the evaluation of retinal vascular diseases. These were\n                      <jats:italic>non-perfusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>capillary dropout<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>window defect<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>pooling<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>leakage<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>neovascularisation<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>staining<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents contemporary perspectives on the clinical indications for FFA in an era in which OCT and OCTA are widely available. It also provides a lexicon for FFA reporting in retinal vascular diseases based on expert consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:20:28Z","timestamp":1777915228000},"page":"bjo-2025-328870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expert consensus on fundus fluorescein angiography reporting in ophthalmology: a Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9603-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshan","family":"Karri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Hadoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salmaan","family":"Al-Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Alex","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy C","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier J","family":"Fagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Unit, Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas L","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery in Ophthalmology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Lee","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeewa","family":"Wickremasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsden Eye Specialists Laser LASIK Eye Cataract Glaucoma Eyelid & Oculoplastic, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony S","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Gordon","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane R","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia, Woodville, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemal","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Save Sight Registries, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Strathfield Retina Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Fraser-Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hessom","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4438-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Korobelnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Ophtalmologie, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, TEAM LEHA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Lanzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank G","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 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