{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:16:39Z","timestamp":1792271799357,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BR 6028\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR 6028\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HE 3690\/7-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 3690\/7-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01ER1507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ER1507"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["BMBF 01ER1206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01ER1206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence and determinants of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs; also known as reticular pseudodrusen, RPDs) in the European general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether 18 931 adults from eight population-based studies were included. SDDs\/RPDs were determined on optical coherence tomography and\/or infrared photography. The prevalence of SDDs\/RPDs and associated ocular and systemic determinants using multivariable logistic regression modelling per study and pooled results using random effects meta-analysis were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age ranged from 58.7\u00b110.6 to 88.4\u00b10.0 years in the different studies and prevalence of SDDs\/RPDs ranged from 0.6% to 56.0%. Meta-analyses showed that increasing age (OR 1.09 per year, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13; p&lt;0.001), prevalent early\/intermediate and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (OR 10.93, 95% CI 5.55 to 21.51; p&lt;0.001 and OR 11.65, 95% CI 4.78 to 28.40; p&lt;0.001, respectively) and AMD genetic risk score (OR 1.21 per unit, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.39; p=0.008) are associated with prevalent SDDs\/RPDs. Sex, smoking, education and cardiovascular disease showed borderline association at some cohort levels but not in the meta-analysis. In sensitivity analyses, only age and AMD genetic risk score remained associated with SDDs\/RPDs prevalence among participants without any AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multi-cohort analysis emphasises the wide range of SDDs\/RPDs prevalence and determinants. Besides age, presence of AMD and AMD genetic risk variants increase the risk of SDDs\/RPDs. These cross-sectional findings are compatible with the hypothesis that SDDs\/RPDs may not represent a separate disease entity but be an additional sign of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-329334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1780939220000},"page":"bjo-2025-329334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subretinal drusenoid deposits (reticular pseudodrusen) in the general population: a European multicohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias M","family":"Mauschitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8019-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank G","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander K","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie D","family":"Grabitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jost B","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Francais de Myopie, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore"},{"name":"Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukharram M","family":"Bikbov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyulli M","family":"Kazakbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Blackwell's Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6265-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tunde","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Blackwell's Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine P","family":"Creuzot-Garcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Henry","family":"Gabrielle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2099-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile","family":"Delcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Cougnard-Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M","family":"Heid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.194712"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314422"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.04.012"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.05.005"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12842","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: current understanding","volume":"102","author":"Wightman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.10.044"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.10.19","article-title":"Longitudinal Analysis of Structural and Functional Changes in Presence of Reticular Pseudodrusen Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Sassmannshausen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.02.005"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.015"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.029"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.043"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19487","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging of Reticular Pseudodrusen in a Population-Based Setting: The Alienor Study","volume":"57","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27283","article-title":"Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in the Elderly in a Population-Based Study (the Montrachet Study)","volume":"60","author":"Gabrielle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0266","article-title":"Incidence and Risk Factors of Reticular Pseudodrusen Using Multimodal Imaging","volume":"138","author":"Dutheil","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S130165","article-title":"Spotlight on reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"11","author":"Rabiolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0098-2"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.035"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26629-5","article-title":"On the impact of different approaches to classify age-related macular degeneration: Results from the German AugUR study","volume":"8","author":"Brandl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496393"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120476","article-title":"The ophthalmic branch of the Gutenberg Health Study: study design, cohort profile and self-reported diseases","volume":"10","author":"H\u00f6hn","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315330"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1384504"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98039-z","article-title":"Axial length and its associations in the Ural Very Old Study","volume":"11","author":"Bikbov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.10.008"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.026"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.28","first-page":"511","article-title":"[Macular drusen]","volume":"13","author":"Mimoun","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32186-9"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515030-00001"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.014"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.07.010"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.194977"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318276e0ae"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18816"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar H , Bagdasarova Y , Song S , et al . Deep Learning-Based Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Optical Coherence Tomography. medRxiv 2024:2024.09.11.24312817. doi:10.1101\/2024.09.11.24312817","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.11.24312817"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7235"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31827e25e0"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31828991b2"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12675"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000496","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting the Common Soil Theory","volume":"11","author":"Mauschitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.04.011"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2024.2388692","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Genetic Risk: A Population-based Study","volume":"50","author":"Garzone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.12.31","article-title":"Genetic Risk Score Analysis Supports a Joint View of Two Classification Systems for Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Herold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farashi S , Abbott CJ , Ansell BR , et al . Genetic Risk of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: HTRA1 \/lncRNA BX842242.1 dominates, with no evidence for Complement Cascade involvement. medRxiv 2024:2024.09.26.24314339. doi:10.1101\/2024.09.26.24314339","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.26.24314339"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.03.007","article-title":"Genetic Distinctions Between Reticular Pseudodrusen and Drusen: A Genome-Wide Association Study","volume":"274","author":"Schwartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.11.026","article-title":"Reticular Pseudodrusen Status, ARMS2\/HTRA1 Genotype, and Geographic Atrophy Enlargement: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report 32","volume":"130","author":"Agr\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.117","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen associated with a diseased bruch membrane in pseudoxanthoma elasticum","volume":"133","author":"Gliem","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181f056ce"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100036","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18682"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.52","first-page":"757","article-title":"Genetic and environmental risk factors for reticular pseudodrusen in the EUGENDA study","volume":"27","author":"Altay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.53","first-page":"e1701","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of reticular pseudodrusen in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study","volume":"100","author":"Bikbov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.54","first-page":"291","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and retinal pseudodrusen in an elderly population. The ural very old study","volume":"263","author":"Bikbov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100325","article-title":"Reticular Pseudodrusen: Interreader Agreement of Evaluation on OCT Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"2026060810200873000_bjo-2025-329334v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2023.85616","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Turkish Patients","volume":"53","author":"\u00c7eper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-329334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:20:25Z","timestamp":1780939225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-329334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjo-2025-329334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2025-329334","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2079","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}}}