{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1790071540688,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the potential of a three-dimensional microscope combining laser scanning confocal imaging and white-light interferometry for quantitative topographic characterisation of Descemet\u2019s membrane (DM) in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descemet\u2019s membranes were collected from 38 FECD patients undergoing endothelial keratoplasty and four healthy donors. After flat-mounting on glass slide and drying, specimens were analysed using the VK-X3000 system (KEYENCE). Entire samples were reconstructed by image stitching at low magnification (\u00d710) in white-light interferometry mode (0.01\u2009nm axial resolution). Higher magnifications (\u00d720 to \u00d7150) in confocal mode (12\u2009nm axial resolution) enabled detailed structural analysis. Three-dimensional height maps were generated to calculate standardised surface roughness parameters. Guttae and other DM features were classified according to spatial organisation and elevation profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White-light interferometry enabled full-field mapping of whole 8\u2009mm diameter DMs with nanometric vertical resolution (~2\u2009hours\/sample). Surface roughness (Sa) was higher in FECD than in controls (median\u00b1IQR: 0.571\u00b10.259\u2009\u00b5m vs 0.239\u00b10.161\u2009\u00b5m; p=0.0018). In FECD, three zones were identified: centre (guttae buried in the posterior fibrillar layer; Sa 0.442\u00b10.112\u2009\u00b5m), paracentre (large uncovered guttae; Sa 0.562\u00b10.170\u2009\u00b5m; p=0.0423) and outer zone (no confluent guttae; Sa 0.261\u00b10.143\u2009\u00b5m; p&lt;0.0001). Confocal three-dimensional (3D) imaging revealed radial striae, embossments and furrows in the DM, confluent central guttae and fused or buried structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining white-light interferometry and confocal microscopy enables label-free, high-resolution surface characterisation of DM in FECD, providing quantitative metrics to compare histological subtypes and supporting the predominance of radial structural organisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2026-330189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:20:17Z","timestamp":1786555217000},"page":"1140-1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-dimensional topography of Descemet\u2019s membrane in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy using laser scanning confocal microscopy and white-light interferometry"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0080-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corantin","family":"Maurin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BiiO Laboratory - health faculty, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Poinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiiO Laboratory - health faculty, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-\u00c9tienne, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauthier","family":"Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiiO Laboratory - health faculty, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5153-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"HE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiiO Laboratory - health faculty, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Decoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Gontier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Karpathiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-\u00c9tienne, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiiO Laboratory - 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