{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:23:17Z","timestamp":1791080597650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.6.420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"420-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":337,"title":["Does enucleation of the eye containing a malignant melanoma prevent or accelerate the dissemination of tumour cells."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"L. E.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. W.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1957.00940010349004","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the uvea; observations based on growth and behavior, enucleation refused or delayed","volume":"58","author":"Anderson, B.; O'Neill, J.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Anderson, B., and O'Neill, J. (1957). Malignant melanoma of the uvea; observations based on growth and behavior, enucleation refused or delayed. Archives of Ophthalmology, 58, 337-347.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.48.12.650","article-title":"Primary tumours of the iris","volume":"48","author":"Ashton, N.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ashton, N. (1964). Primary tumours of the iris. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 48, 650-668.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.32.10.729","article-title":"Prognosis in uveal melanoma","volume":"32","author":"Benjamin, B.; Cumings, J.N.; Goldsmith, A.J.B.; Sorsby, A.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Benjamin, B., Cumings, J. N., Goldsmith, A. J. B., and Sorsby, A. (1948). Prognosis in uveal melanoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 32, 729-747.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"139","article-title":"From the oath of Hippocrates to the declaration of Hawaii","volume":"4","author":"Blomquist, C.D.D.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Blomquist, C. D. D. (1977). From the oath of Hippocrates to the declaration of Hawaii. Ethics in Science and Medicine, 4, 139.","journal-title":"Ethics in Science and Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1962.00960020490019","article-title":"A laboratory evaluation of enucleation in treatment of intraocular malignant melanoma","volume":"67","author":"Burns, R.P.; Fraunfelder, F.T.; Klass, A.M.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Burns, R. P., Fraunfelder, F. T., and Klass, A. M. (1962). A laboratory evaluation of enucleation in treatment of intraocular malignant melanoma. Archives of Ophthalmology, 67, 490-500.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.1.54","article-title":"Management of small elevated pigmented choroidal lesions","volume":"61","author":"Char, D.H.; Hogan, M.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Char, D. H., and Hogan, M. J. (1977). Management of small elevated pigmented choroidal lesions. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 61, 54-58.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(53)91509-8","article-title":"A long term follow-up on malignant melanomas of the choroid based on the Terry and Johns series","volume":"36","author":"Chisholm, J.F.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Chisholm, J. F. (1953). A long term follow-up on malignant melanomas of the choroid based on the Terry and Johns series. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 36, 61-73.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"635","article-title":"Malignant melanoma management","volume-title":"Controversy in Ophthalmology","author":"Curtin, V.T.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Curtin, V. T. (1977). Malignant melanoma management. In Controversy in Ophthalmology, p. 635. Edited by R. J. Brockhurst, S. A. Boruchoff, B. T. Hutchinson, and"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"871","article-title":"Diseases of the uveal trac(. In Duke-Elder, S","author":"Duke-Elder, S.; Perkins, E.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Duke-Elder, S., and Perkins, E. S. (1966). Diseases of the uveal trac(. In Duke-Elder, S. System of Ophthalmology, p. 871. Henry Kimpton: London.","journal-title":"System of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"A conservative approach to the malignant melanoma problem. In Controversy in Ophthalmology","author":"Dunphy, E.B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dunphy, E. B. (1977). A conservative approach to the malignant melanoma problem. In Controversy in Ophthalmology."},{"key":"ref_11","author":"Flocks, M.; Gerende, J.H.; Zimmerman, L.E.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Flocks, M., Gerende, J. H., and Zimmerman, L. E. (1955)."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"'No-touch techniques' for management of ocular malignant melanomas","author":"Fraunfelder, F.T.; Boozman, F.W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fraunfelder, F. T., and Boozman, F. W., (1974). 'No-touch techniques' for management of ocular malignant melanomas. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Annual Meeting, 2 April, Sarasota, Florida.","journal-title":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Annual Meeting"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450090138012","article-title":"No-touch technique for intraocular malignant melanomas","volume":"95","author":"Fraunfelder, F.T.; Boozman, F.W.; Wilson, R.S.; Thomas, A.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fraunfelder, F. T., Boozman, F. W., Wilson, R. S., and Thomas, A. H. (1977). No-touch technique for intraocular malignant melanomas. Archives of Ophthalmology, 95, 1616-1620.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90726-7","article-title":"Problems in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevi and malignant melanomas","volume":"83","author":"Gass, J.D.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gass, J. D. M. (1977). Problems in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevi and malignant melanomas. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 83, 299-323.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"49","article-title":"The use of P-32 test in the management of malignant melanoma of the choroid: a five-year follow-up study","volume":"83","author":"Hagler, W.S.; H., Jarrett W.; Killian, J.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hagler, W. S., Jarrett W. H., and Killian, J. H. (1977). The use of P-32 test in the management of malignant melanoma of the choroid: a five-year follow-up study. Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 83, 49-60.","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"257","article-title":"Malignant melanomas of the uvea in Denmark, 1943-1952; a clinical, histopathological, and prognostic study","volume":"Suppl.","author":"Hogan, M.J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hogan, M. J. (1964). Clinical aspects, management, and prognosis of melanomas of the uvea and optic nerve. In Ocular and Adnexal Tumors, New and Controversial Aspects, p. 257. Edited by M. Boniuk. Mosby: St. Louis. Jensen, 0. A. (1963). Malignant melanomas of the uvea in Denmark, 1943-1952; a clinical, histopathological, and prognostic study. Acta Ophthalmologica, Suppl.","journal-title":"Clinical aspects, management, and prognosis of melanomas of the uvea and optic nerve. In Ocular and Adnexal Tumors, New and Controversial Aspects; Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"656","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the iris and ciliary body of a one-eyed patient","volume":"51","author":"Koenig, I.J.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Koenig, I. J. (1954). Malignant melanoma of the iris and ciliary body of a one-eyed patient. Archives of Ophthalmology, 51, 656. McLean, I. W., Foster, W. D., and Zimmerman, L. E. (1977). Prognostic factors in small malignant melanomas of choroid and ciliary body. Archives of Ophthalmology, 95, 48-58.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology; Prognostic factors in small malignant melanomas of choroid and ciliary body"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Pathology of the Eye","volume":"2","author":"Parsons, J.H.","year":"1905","unstructured":"Parsons, J. H. (1905). The Pathology of the Eye, Vol. 2, Ch. 9, p. 500. Putnam: New York. Paul, E. F., Parnell, B. C., and Franker, M. (1962). Prognosis of malignant melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body. International Ophthalmology Clinics, 2, 387-402.","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology Clinics; Prognosis of malignant melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"Uveal melanoma in Finland. An epidemiological, clinical, histological and prognostic study","volume":"Suppl.","author":"Raivio, I.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Raivio, I. (1977). Uveal melanoma in Finland. An epidemiological, clinical, histological and prognostic study. Acta Ophthalmologica, Suppl.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"604","article-title":"Early treatment in malignant melanoma","volume-title":"of the choroid. In Controversy in Ophthalmology","author":"Ruiz, R.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ruiz, R. S. (1977). Early treatment in malignant melanoma of the choroid. In Controversy in Ophthalmology, p. 604. Edited by R. J. Brockhurst, S. A. Boruchoff, B. T. Hutchinson, and S. Lessell. Saunders: Philadelphia."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000303178","article-title":"The prognosis of melanoblastomata of the choroid","volume":"134","author":"Westerveld-Brandon, E.R.; Zeeman, W.P.C.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Westerveld-Brandon, E. R., and Zeeman, W. P. C. (1957). The prognosis of melanoblastomata of the choroid. Ophthalmologica, 134, 20-29.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1967.00980030168009","article-title":"Changing concepts concerning the malignancy of ocular tumors","volume":"78","author":"Zimmerman, L.E.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Zimmerman, L. E. (1967). Changing concepts concerning the malignancy of ocular tumors. Archives of Ophthalmology, 78, 166-173.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"27","article-title":"Histopathologic considerations in the management of tumors of the iris and ciliary body","volume":"10","author":"Zimmerman, L.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Zimmerman, L. E. (1971-72). Histopathologic considerations in the management of tumors of the iris and ciliary body. Anales del Instituto Barraquer, 10, 27-57.","journal-title":"Anales del Instituto Barraquer"},{"issue":"223-23","key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical Pathologic Conference","volume":"43","author":"Zimmerman, L.E.; Adler, F.H.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Zimmerman, L. E., and Adler, F. H. (1957). Clinical Pathologic Conference. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 43, 223-23 1.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"487","article-title":"Changing concepts of the prognosis and management of small malignant melanomas of the choroid","volume":"95","author":"Zimmerman, L. E.; McLean, 1. W","year":"1975","unstructured":"Zimmerman, L. E., and McLean, 1. W. (1975). Changing concepts of the prognosis and management of small malignant melanomas of the choroid. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom, 95, 487-494.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.62.6.420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T22:57:30Z","timestamp":1601074650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.62.6.420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,6,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.62.6.420","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,6,1]]}}}