{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:38:00Z","timestamp":1760204280899},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.8.516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"516-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ocular histopathology in animals experimentally infected with Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepraemurium. 1. Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepraemurium infections in the mouse. 2. Mycobacterium leprae infections in the 9-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus L.)."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"H. E.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"987","article-title":"The pathology of ocular leprosy. II. Miliary lepromas of the iris","volume":"61","author":"Allen, J.H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Allen, J. H. (1966). The pathology of ocular leprosy. II. Miliary lepromas of the iris. Anmerican Journal of Ophthalmology, 61, 987-992.","journal-title":"Anmerican Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"216220","article-title":"The pathology of ocular leprosy","volume":"64","author":"Allen, J.H.; Byers, J.L.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Allen, J. H., and Byers, J. L. (1960). The pathology of ocular leprosy. I. Cornea. Archives of Ophthalmology, 64, 216220.","journal-title":"I. Cornea. Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Parallelismo entre lesoes oculares e cutaneas na lepra. Revista brasileira","author":"de Barros, J.M.","year":"1938","unstructured":"de Barros, J. M. (1938). Parallelismo entre lesoes oculares e cutaneas na lepra. Revista brasileira de leprologia (num. espec.), 6, 19-24."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"353","article-title":"A clinical study of leprous iritis","volume":"8","author":"de Barros, J.M.","year":"1940","unstructured":"de Barros, J. M. (1940). A clinical study of leprous iritis. International Journal of Leprosy, 8, 353-360.","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(46)92782-1","article-title":"The ocular complications of leprosy","volume":"29","author":"de Barros, J.M.","year":"1946","unstructured":"de Barros, J. M. (1946). The ocular complications of leprosy. American Joutrnial of Ophthalmologv, 29, 162-169.","journal-title":"American Joutrnial of Ophthalmologv"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"In Leprosy for Studenits of Medicine","author":"Bryceson, A.; Pfaltzgraff, R.E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bryceson, A., and Pfaltzgraff, R. E. (1973). In Leprosy for Studenits of Medicine. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"The Leprous Diseases of the Eye (reprinted). H","author":"Bull, 0. B.; Hansen, G. A","year":"1873","unstructured":"Bull, 0. B., and Hansen, G. A. (1873). The Leprous Diseases of the Eye (reprinted). H. K. Lewis: London."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/003591575504800211","article-title":"Ocular leprosy, with reference to certain cases shown","volume":"48","author":"Choyce, D.P.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Choyce, D. P. (1955). Ocular leprosy, with reference to certain cases shown. Proceedi,igs of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48, 108.","journal-title":"Proceedi, igs of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","volume-title":"The Eyes in Leprosy; In Leprosy in Theory a, id Practice","author":"Choyce, D.P.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Choyce, D. P. (1959). The Eyes in Leprosy; In Leprosy in Theory a,id Practice. Edited by R. G. Cochrane. John Wright: Bristol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"310","volume-title":"The Eyes in Leprosy. In Leprosy in Theory and Practice","author":"Choyce, D.P.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Choyce, D. P. (1964). The Eyes in Leprosy. In Leprosy in Theory and Practice, pp. 310-321. Edited by R. G. Cochrane and T. F. Davey. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore."},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Experimental murine leprosy","author":"Closs, O.; Haugen, 0. A","year":"1974","unstructured":"Closs, O., and Haugen, 0. A. (1974). Experimental murine leprosy."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"459","article-title":"Further evidence of varying susceptibility of outbred mice and evaluation of the response of five inbred mouse strains to infection with Mycobacterium lepraemnuriumi","volume":"82","author":"Drutz, D.J.; Chen, T.S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Further evidence of varying susceptibility of outbred mice and evaluation of the response of five inbred mouse strains to infection with Mycobacterium lepraemnuriumi. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica, 82, 459-474. Drutz, D. J., Chen, T. S. N., and Wen-Hsiang Lu (1972).","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"The Eye in Evolution. In Systemii of","volume":"1","author":"Duke-Elder, S.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Duke-Elder, S. (1958). The Eye in Evolution. In Systemii of Ophthalmology, Vol. 1. Henry Kimpton: London.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1951.tb45834.x","article-title":"An interpretation of the ocular manifestations of leprosy. Ann7als of the Newt","volume":"54","author":"Elliott, D.C.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Elliott, D. C. (1951). An interpretation of the ocular manifestations of leprosy. Ann7als of the Newt York Academy of Sciences, 54, 84-100.","journal-title":"York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-138-35908","article-title":"Effect of neonatal thymectomy and antithymocytic serum on susceptibility of rats to Mycobacteriumn leprae","volume":"138","author":"Fieldsteel, A.H.; McIntosh, A.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fieldsteel, A. H., and McIntosh, A. H. (1971). Effect of neonatal thymectomy and antithymocytic serum on susceptibility of rats to Mycobacteriumn leprae. Proceedings of the Society for EYperitnenital Biology and Medicinie, 138, 408-413.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for EYperitnenital Biology and Medicinie"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"728","article-title":"Ueber Leprabazillen in klinische normal erscheinenden Augen","volume":"98","author":"Fuchs, A.","year":"1937","unstructured":"Fuchs, A. (1937). Ueber Leprabazillen in klinische normal erscheinenden Augen. Kliniische Moniatsblatter fir Augeniheilkunlde, 98, 728-734.","journal-title":"Kliniische Moniatsblatter fir Augeniheilkunlde"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"901","article-title":"Etude sur la lepre oculaire murine","volume":"26","author":"Guilleny, R.; Montestruc, E.","year":"1933","unstructured":"Guilleny, R., and Montestruc, E. (1933). Etude sur la lepre oculaire murine. Bulletin le la Societe de Pathologie Exotiqlue, 26, 901-905.","journal-title":"Bulletin le la Societe de Pathologie Exotiqlue"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"185","article-title":"The tissue sites most favourable for the development of murine leprosy in rats and mice","volume":"18","author":"Hanks, J.H.; Backerman, T.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Hanks, J. H., and Backerman, T. (1950). The tissue sites most favourable for the development of murine leprosy in rats and mice. Initernlationial Jouirnal of Leprosy, 18, 185-207.","journal-title":"Initernlationial Jouirnal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"295","article-title":"Ocular leprosy in Panama","volume":"29","author":"Harley, R.D.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Harley, R. D. (1946). Ocular leprosy in Panama. Amtiericant Journal of Ophthalmtiology, 29, 295-316.","journal-title":"Amtiericant Journal of Ophthalmtiology"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"61","article-title":"Electron microscopic study of lepromatous changes in the iris","volume":"33","author":"Hashizume, H.; Shionuma, E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hashizume, H., and Shionuma, E. (1965). Electron microscopic study of lepromatous changes in the iris. International Journal of Leprosy, 33, 61-82.","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5935\/0305-7518.19630034","article-title":"The diagnosis of uveitis in leprosy","volume":"34","author":"Hobbs, H.E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hobbs, H. E. (1963). The diagnosis of uveitis in leprosy. Leprosy Review, 34, 226-230.","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"366","article-title":"Leprotic iritis and blindness","volume":"40","author":"Hobbs, H.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hobbs, H. E. (1972). Leprotic iritis and blindness. Initernational Journal of Leprosy, 40, 366-374.","journal-title":"Initernational Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"131","article-title":"The blinding lesions of leprosy","volume":"42","author":"Hobbs, H.E.; Choyce, D.P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hobbs, H. E., and Choyce, D. P. (1971). The blinding lesions of leprosy. Leprosy Review, 42, 131-137.","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"321","article-title":"Des manifestations oculaires de la lepre","volume":"120","author":"Jeanselme, E.; Morax, V.","year":"1898","unstructured":"Jeanselme, E., and Morax, V. (1898). Des manifestations oculaires de la lepre. Annales d'Oculiste, 120, 321-366.","journal-title":"Annales d'Oculiste"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"693","article-title":"Attempis to establish the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.) as a model for the study of leprosy. I. Report of Lepromatoid leprosy in an experimentally infected armadillo","volume":"39","author":"Kirchheimer, W.F.; Storrs, E.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kirchheimer, W. F., and Storrs, E. E. (1971). Attempis to establish the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.) as a model for the study of leprosy. I. Report of Lepromatoid leprosy in an experimentally infected armadillo. International Journal of Leprosy, 39, 693-702.","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/003591575504800212","article-title":"Ocular leprosy","volume":"48","author":"Kirwan, E.W.O.'G.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Kirwan, E. W. O'G. (1955). Ocular leprosy. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48, 112-118.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"Rat leprosy: a critical review of the literature","author":"Lowe, J.","year":"1937","unstructured":"Lowe, J. (1937). Rat leprosy: a critical review of the literature."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/003591575504800210","article-title":"Leprous affliction of the eyes","volume":"48","author":"Lowe, J.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Lowe, J. (1954). Leprous affliction of the eyes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48, 107-108.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"Mykobakterien und mykobakterielle Krankheiten","volume-title":"Manual of Leprosy. E. and S","author":"Meissner, G.; Schmiedel, A.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Meissner, G., and Schmiedel, A. (1967). Mykobakterien und mykobakterielle Krankheiten. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Jena. Muir, E. (1948). Manual of Leprosy. E. and S. Livingstone: Edinburgh."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.92.4.1267-1268.1966","article-title":"Use of 3-4 dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidation in the identification of Mycobacteriumn leprae","volume":"92","author":"Prabhakaran, K.; Kirchheimer, W.F.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Prabhakaran, K., and Kirchheimer, W. F. (1966). Use of 3-4 dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidation in the identification of Mycobacteriumn leprae. Journal of Bacteriology, 92, 1267-1268.","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"451","article-title":"Impact of cool temperatures on transformation of human and armadillo lymphocytes (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.) as related to leprosy","volume":"248","author":"Purtilo, D.T.; Walsh, G.P.; Storrs, E.E.; Banks, I.S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Purtilo, D. T., Walsh, G. P., Storrs, E. E., and Banks, I. S. (1974). Impact of cool temperatures on transformation of human and armadillo lymphocytes (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.) as related to leprosy. Nature, 248, 451-452.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630240031005","article-title":"Erythema nodosum leprosum in a general hospital","volume":"111","author":"Rea, T.H.; Levan, N.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rea, T. H., and Levan, N. E. (1975). Erythema nodosum leprosum in a general hospital. Archives of Dermatology, 111, 1575-1580.","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/211657a0","article-title":"Enhanced susceptibility of thymectomised and irradiated mice to infection with Mvcobacterium leprae","volume":"211","author":"Rees, R.J.W.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rees, R. J. W. (1966). Enhanced susceptibility of thymectomised and irradiated mice to infection with Mvcobacterium leprae. Nature, 211, 657-658.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1","article-title":"The appearance of dead leprosy bacilli by light and electron microscopy","volume":"30","author":"Rees, R.J.W.; Valentine, R.C.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rees, R. J. W., and Valentine, R. C. (1962). The appearance of dead leprosy bacilli by light and electron microscopy. International Journal of Leprosy, 30, 1-9.","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(70)90194-X","article-title":"Transmission of human leprosy to the mouse and its clinical implications","volume":"64","author":"Rees, R.J.W.; Weddell, A.G.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rees, R. J. W., and Weddell, A. G. M. (1970). Transmission of human leprosy to the mouse and its clinical implications. Transactions of the Royal Societ.y of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64, 31-47.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Societ.y of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040239022","article-title":"Environmental temperature and ocular temperature gradient","volume":"74","author":"Schwarty, B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Schwarty, B. (1965). Environmental temperature and ocular temperature gradient. Archives of Ophthalmology, 74, 237-243.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"181","article-title":"Demonstration of M. leprae and its viability in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients","volume":"43","author":"Shankara Manja, K.; Bedi, B.M.S.; Kasturi, G.; Kirchheimer, W.F.; Balasubrahmanyan, M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shankara Manja, K., Bedi, B. M. S., Kasturi, G., Kirchheimer, W. F., and Balasubrahmanyan, M. (1972). Demonstration of M. leprae and its viability in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients. Leprosy Review, 43 181-187.","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.112.3.445","article-title":"The experimental disease that follows the injection of human leprosy bacilli into the foot-pads of mice","volume":"112","author":"Shepard, C.C.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Shepard, C. C. (1960). The experimental disease that follows the injection of human leprosy bacilli into the foot-pads of mice. Journal of E.rperimental Medicine, 112, 445-454.","journal-title":"Journal of E.rperimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"12711275","article-title":"Temperature optimim of Mycobacteriumn leprae in mice","volume":"90","author":"Shepard, C.C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Shepard, C. C. (1965). Temperature optimim of Mycobacteriumn leprae in mice. Journial of Bacteriology, 90, 12711275.","journal-title":"Journial of Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"5","article-title":"On leprous change of corneal nerves of leprosy","volume":"9","author":"Shionuma, E.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Shionuma, E. (1938). On leprous change of corneal nerves of leprosy. La Lepro, 9, Suppl., 5-6.","journal-title":"La Lepro"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"149","article-title":"On pathological changes of the eyes of rats in which the bacilli of rat leprosy are injected into the abdominal cavity","volume":"6","author":"Uchida, M.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Uchida, M. (1935). On pathological changes of the eyes of rats in which the bacilli of rat leprosy are injected into the abdominal cavity. La Lepro, 6, 149-150.","journal-title":"La Lepro"},{"key":"ref_42","article-title":"Subsidiary Studies to Leprosy of the Eyes","author":"Valle, S.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Valle, S. (1946). Subsidiary Studies to Leprosy of the Eyes. Imprensa Nacional Rio de Janeiro: Brazil."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"380","article-title":"La Lepre en Ophthalmologie","volume":"175","author":"Viallefont, H.; Fuentes, A.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Viallefont, H., and Fuentes, A. (1938). La Lepre en Ophthalmologie. Annales d'Oculiste, 175, 380-390.","journal-title":"Annales d'Oculiste"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"37","article-title":"An improved technique for the histopathological diagnosis and classification of leprosy","volume":"36","author":"Wheeler, E.A.; Hamilton, E.G.; Harman, D.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Wheeler, E. A., Hamilton, E. G., and Harman, D. J. (1965). An improved technique for the histopathological diagnosis and classification of leprosy. Leprosy, Review, 36, 37-39.","journal-title":"Leprosy, Review"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.62.8.516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T22:57:38Z","timestamp":1601074658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.62.8.516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,8,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.62.8.516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,8,1]]}}}