{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T12:41:44Z","timestamp":1753274504426},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.63.5.283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"283-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HLA and eye disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A H","family":"Rahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","author":"Mondino","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mondino et al., 1978"},{"key":"ref_2","author":"Char","year":"1975","unstructured":"Char et al., 1975"},{"key":"ref_3","author":"Kaiser-Kupfer","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kaiser-Kupfer et al., 1978"},{"key":"ref_4","author":"Gasset","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gasset et al., 1977"},{"key":"ref_5","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Zimmerman et al., 1977"},{"key":"ref_6","author":"Aviner","year":"1976","unstructured":"Aviner et al., 1976 Shin and Becker, 1977 Grabner et al., 1977 Damgaard et al., 1978 Kass et al., 1978 Ritch et al., 1978 David et al., 1979","journal-title":"David et al"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Kaiser-Kupfer and Mittal","author":"Becker","year":"1977","unstructured":"Becker et al., 1977 Kaiser-Kupfer and Mittal, 1978"},{"key":"ref_8","author":"Brewerton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brewerton et al., 1973 Ehlers et al., 1974 Woodrow et al., 1975","journal-title":"Woodrow et al"},{"key":"ref_9","author":"Ohno","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno et al., 1977b"},{"key":"ref_10","author":"Ohno","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno et al., 1977a"},{"key":"ref_11","author":"Ohno","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ohno et al., 1978 Ohno et al., 1978 Jung et al., 1976","journal-title":"Jung et al"},{"key":"ref_12","author":"Tagawa","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tagawa et al., 1977"},{"key":"ref_13","author":"Bertrams","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bertrams et al., 1978a"},{"key":"ref_14","author":"Ohno","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno et al., 1977c"},{"key":"ref_15","author":"Bertrams","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bertrams et al., 1973 Gallie et al., 1977","journal-title":"Gallie et al"},{"key":"ref_16","author":"Godfrey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Godfrey et al., 1978 Braley et al., 1978","journal-title":"Braley et al"},{"key":"ref_17","author":"Larkin","year":"1978","unstructured":"Larkin et al., 1978"},{"key":"ref_18","author":"Moller","year":"1978","unstructured":"Moller et al., 1978"},{"key":"ref_19","author":"Bertram","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bertram et al., 1978a"},{"key":"ref_20","author":"Flage","year":"1977","unstructured":"Flage et al., 1977"},{"key":"ref_21","author":"Bertrams","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bertrams et al., 1978b"},{"key":"ref_22","author":"Chen","year":"1978","unstructured":"Chen et al., 1978"},{"key":"ref_23","author":"Chused","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chused et al., 1977"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Dw3 and the results meet all the requirements of statistical significance already outlined, any report on HLA association and eye disease should be treated with reserve. Those who have patience and time should correct the P value if necessary, and calculate the relative risk, because although both of these statistical parameters are important they are often ignored by contributors to ophthalmic journals. Furthermore, it often pays to wait for independent confirmation of a reported finding","author":"A, B.; loci, D.","unstructured":"A, B, and D loci Dw3 and the results meet all the requirements of statistical significance already outlined, any report on HLA association and eye disease should be treated with reserve. Those who have patience and time should correct the P value if necessary, and calculate the relative risk, because although both of these statistical parameters are important they are often ignored by contributors to ophthalmic journals. Furthermore, it often pays to wait for independent confirmation of a reported finding."},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"Uveitis with ulcers of the buccal mucosa and external genitalia form the triad of Behget's disease, which is associated with several immunological changes, including the presence of immune complexes in patients'","volume":"1978","author":"Rahi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Uveitis with ulcers of the buccal mucosa and external genitalia form the triad of Behget's disease, which is associated with several immunological changes, including the presence of immune complexes in patients' sera (Rahi et al., 1976; Rahi et al., 1979). Although the aetiology of the disease is still unknown, recent studies have shown that a large number of Japanese and Turkish patients possess HLA B5 antigen (Ohno et al., 1978b); this, however, does not appear to be the case in Caucasian populations (Jung et al., 1976; Ohno et al., 1978a).","journal-title":"et al; Although the aetiology of the disease is still unknown, recent studies have shown that a large number of Japanese and Turkish patients possess HLA B5 antigen (Ohno"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"No HLA association has been found, however, in chronic anterior uveitis of childhood, choroidoretinitis and chronic cyclitis","year":"3).","unstructured":"No HLA association has been found, however, in chronic anterior uveitis of childhood, choroidoretinitis and chronic cyclitis (Table 3)."},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is characterised by bilateral granulomatous uveitis in conjunction with variable degrees of skin and hair depigmentation, hair loss, and meningeal irritation. While the aetiology of this disease is obscure, evidence in favour of an autoimmune component is provided by the demonstration of antibodies to uveal pigment and cell-mediated allergy in the form of delayed skin hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and leucocyte migration inhibition. A close association with HLA Bw54 and LDwa (a Japanese D locus antigen) suggests the presence of uveitis susceptibility genes in the major histocompatibility system","year":"1977","unstructured":"The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is characterised by bilateral granulomatous uveitis in conjunction with variable degrees of skin and hair depigmentation, hair loss, and meningeal irritation. While the aetiology of this disease is obscure, evidence in favour of an autoimmune component is provided by the demonstration of antibodies to uveal pigment and cell-mediated allergy in the form of delayed skin hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and leucocyte migration inhibition. A close association with HLA Bw54 and LDwa (a Japanese D locus antigen) suggests the presence of uveitis susceptibility genes in the major histocompatibility system (Tagawa et al., 1977)."},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"Although the aetiology of this disease is still unknown, and a virus infection is a strong possibility, it appears that multiple sclerosis is the only disease recognised to be strongly associated with HLA DRw2 and HLA Dw2 antigens in Caucasians. Recently, the syndrome of nephritis and lung haemorrhage (Goodpasture's syndrome), in which Bruch's membrane along with glomerular and other basement membranes is involved (Jampol et al., 1975), in an antibody mediated type II reaction, has been shown to have the same association. Other HLA antigens, such as A3","volume-title":"with optic neuritis. It has recently been shown that in patients with isolated optic neuritis the presence of BTIOl, which is closely related to HLA DRw2, is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis, especially in those individuals who develop ocular signs in the winter","year":"1978","unstructured":"Although the aetiology of this disease is still unknown, and a virus infection is a strong possibility, it appears that multiple sclerosis is the only disease recognised to be strongly associated with HLA DRw2 and HLA Dw2 antigens in Caucasians. Recently, the syndrome of nephritis and lung haemorrhage (Goodpasture's syndrome), in which Bruch's membrane along with glomerular and other basement membranes is involved (Jampol et al., 1975), in an antibody mediated type II reaction, has been shown to have the same association. Other HLA antigens, such as A3 and B7, also appear to be associated with optic neuritis. It has recently been shown that in patients with isolated optic neuritis the presence of BTIOl, which is closely related to HLA DRw2, is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis, especially in those individuals who develop ocular signs in the winter (Batchelor et al., 1978)."},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"Studies on HLA association with a variety of other retinal diseases such as choroidoretinitis, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, Eales's disease, retinal detachment, haemorrhagic maculopathy, central serous retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa have been so far negative except in choroidoretinitis due to presumed histoplasmosis, in which increased frequency of HLA B7 has been reported (see Table 3 for references)","unstructured":"Studies on HLA association with a variety of other retinal diseases such as choroidoretinitis, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, Eales's disease, retinal detachment, haemorrhagic maculopathy, central serous retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa have been so far negative except in choroidoretinitis due to presumed histoplasmosis, in which increased frequency of HLA B7 has been reported (see Table 3 for references)."},{"key":"ref_30","article-title":"T cell function, and this could account for the The association of primary open-angle glaucoma presence of several other unrelated autoantibodies with HLA antigens appears to be spurious, and in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis","unstructured":"T cell function, and this could account for the The association of primary open-angle glaucoma presence of several other unrelated autoantibodies with HLA antigens appears to be spurious, and in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis."},{"key":"ref_31","article-title":"although the increased incidence of antinuclear antibody in these patients is still controversial Endocrine exophthalmos (Felberg","author":"Nagasubramanian et al.,","year":"1977","unstructured":"although the increased incidence of antinuclear antibody in these patients is still controversial Endocrine exophthalmos (Felberg et al., 1977; Nagasubramanian et al., 1978)","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"ref_32","article-title":"recent reports from several countries (see Table 3) At least half of thyrotoxic individuals develop signs clearly show that there is no association between of ocular involvement in the form of exophthalmos","unstructured":"recent reports from several countries (see Table 3) At least half of thyrotoxic individuals develop signs clearly show that there is no association between of ocular involvement in the form of exophthalmos."},{"key":"ref_33","article-title":"The HLA system does not appear to exert any As in other autoimmune disease there is a strong strong influence on the susceptibility of an individual association between thyrotoxicosis and HLA B8 and to develop malignant disease. It is not surprising, HLA Dw3","unstructured":"The HLA system does not appear to exert any As in other autoimmune disease there is a strong strong influence on the susceptibility of an individual association between thyrotoxicosis and HLA B8 and to develop malignant disease. It is not surprising, HLA Dw3."},{"key":"ref_34","article-title":"therefore, that an earlier report of a possible","unstructured":"therefore, that an earlier report of a possible HLA association with retinoblastoma (Bertrams et al., External disease of the eye"},{"key":"ref_35","article-title":"has not been confirmed by other workers","author":"and HLA B5 is found in increased confirmation.","year":"1977","unstructured":") has not been confirmed by other workers (Gallie et al., 1977). There is some evidence, how-A high incidence of HLA A3 and B12 has been ever, that malignant melanoma of the choroid may reported in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (Mondino be associated with HLA Aw32, but this awaits et al., 1978), and HLA B5 is found in increased confirmation.","journal-title":"et al; There is some evidence, how-A high incidence of HLA A3 and B12 has been ever, that malignant melanoma of the choroid may reported in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (Mondino be associated with HLA Aw32, but this awaits"},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"but these claims await Sjogren's syndrome confirmation. Similarly, in a family study of keratoconus the mother and her 2 children were This condition predominates among women and in HLA B27 positive","volume-title":"It is of its fully developed form is characterised by keratointerest that a proportion of patients with keratococonjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and arthritis. Many nus (which is a noninflammatory disease) are atopic patients have demonstrable rheumatoid factor in and produce high levels of IgE","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1977","unstructured":"(Zimmerman et al., 1977), but these claims await Sjogren's syndrome confirmation. Similarly, in a family study of keratoconus the mother and her 2 children were This condition predominates among women and in HLA B27 positive (Gassett et al., 1977). It is of its fully developed form is characterised by keratointerest that a proportion of patients with keratococonjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and arthritis. Many nus (which is a noninflammatory disease) are atopic patients have demonstrable rheumatoid factor in and produce high levels of IgE (Rahi et al., 1977)."},{"key":"ref_37","article-title":"and Sjogren's syndrome specific (SS A A high incidence of HLA B17 has been reported in and SS B) and non-specific antinuclear and anti-Cogan's syndrome (Char et al., 1975), but a recent salivary duct antibodies are also demonstrable in a report has failed to confirm this claim","author":"their sera","year":"1976","unstructured":"their sera, and Sjogren's syndrome specific (SS A A high incidence of HLA B17 has been reported in and SS B) and non-specific antinuclear and anti-Cogan's syndrome (Char et al., 1975), but a recent salivary duct antibodies are also demonstrable in a report has failed to confirm this claim (Kaiserproportion of these patients (Alspaugh et al., 1976). Kupfer et al., 1978).","journal-title":"Kupfer et al"},{"key":"ref_38","article-title":"The aetiology of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, In conclusion it may be said that apart from acute but a T-lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity to a anterior uveitis, optic neuritis, and certain other cellular component of salivary gland is strongly autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis and suspected. It is of interest, therefore, that increased thyrotoxicosis, in which the eye is invariably frequency of HLA Dw3 has been reported in these involved","year":"1977","unstructured":"The aetiology of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, In conclusion it may be said that apart from acute but a T-lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity to a anterior uveitis, optic neuritis, and certain other cellular component of salivary gland is strongly autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis and suspected. It is of interest, therefore, that increased thyrotoxicosis, in which the eye is invariably frequency of HLA Dw3 has been reported in these involved, there is very little evidence of HLA patients (Chused et al., 1977)."},{"key":"ref_39","article-title":"association with other diseases of the eye. It is important not to be overenthusiastic about an apparently complex association with different antigens in studies based on a limited number of Ocular symptoms in myasthenia gravis include cases. Furthermore, strong positive association with ophthalmoplegia, paresis of accommodation, inadeone HLA antigen will necessarily entail negative quate convergence, and diplopia, though occasionassociation with other antigens, which may lead us ally the disturbance may be limited to a degree of to believe that the latter play a protective role","unstructured":"association with other diseases of the eye. It is important not to be overenthusiastic about an apparently complex association with different antigens in studies based on a limited number of Ocular symptoms in myasthenia gravis include cases. Furthermore, strong positive association with ophthalmoplegia, paresis of accommodation, inadeone HLA antigen will necessarily entail negative quate convergence, and diplopia, though occasionassociation with other antigens, which may lead us ally the disturbance may be limited to a degree of to believe that the latter play a protective role."},{"key":"ref_40","article-title":"Autoantibodies and T cell sensitisation to Such negative associations are difficult to establish, acetylcholine receptors are believed to play a although one has been claimed for glaucoma (Shin pathogenetic role. About 30% of such patients show and Becker, 1977), because the frequency of most the presence of HLA B8 and HLA Dw3. It is of antigens is already low and a further decrease is interest that HLA B8 is present in increased freoften unlikely to be judged as significant. Finally, quency in a number of autoimmune diseases, and so far, none of the HLA associations with disease is it has been postulated that HLA B8 gene is closely absolute. Even in the case of ankylosing spondylitis, although over 90% of persons with the disease may be positive for HLA B27, only a relatively small proportion of the population with B27 ever suffer from the disease","author":"ptosis","unstructured":"ptosis. Autoantibodies and T cell sensitisation to Such negative associations are difficult to establish, acetylcholine receptors are believed to play a although one has been claimed for glaucoma (Shin pathogenetic role. About 30% of such patients show and Becker, 1977), because the frequency of most the presence of HLA B8 and HLA Dw3. It is of antigens is already low and a further decrease is interest that HLA B8 is present in increased freoften unlikely to be judged as significant. Finally, quency in a number of autoimmune diseases, and so far, none of the HLA associations with disease is it has been postulated that HLA B8 gene is closely absolute. Even in the case of ankylosing spondylitis, although over 90% of persons with the disease may be positive for HLA B27, only a relatively small proportion of the population with B27 ever suffer from the disease."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780190214","article-title":"Differentiation and characterization of autoantibodies and their antigens in Sj6gren's syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Alspaugh, M.A.; Talal, D.; Tan, E.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Alspaugh, M. A., Talal, D., and Tan, E. M. (1976). Differentiation and characterization of autoantibodies and their antigens in Sj6gren's syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 19, 216-222.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"193","article-title":"Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens and primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Aviner, Z.; Henley, W.L.; Fotino, M.; Leopold, I.H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Aviner, Z., Henley, W. L., Fotino, M., and Leopold, I. H. (1976). Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens and primary open-angle glaucoma. Tissue Antigens, 7, 193-200.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071512","article-title":"HLA and multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Batchelor, J.R.; Compston, A.; McDonald, W.I.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Batchelor, J. R., Compston, A., and McDonald, W. I. (1978). HLA and multiple sclerosis. British Medical Bulletin, 34, 279-284.","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"issue":"161 -166","key":"ref_44","article-title":"The pigment dispersion syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Becker, B.; Shin, D.; Cooper, D.G.; Kass, M.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Becker, B., Shin, D., Cooper, D. G., and Kass, M. A. (1977). The pigment dispersion syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 83, 161 -166.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"78","article-title":"HLA-antigens in retinoblastoma","volume":"3","author":"Bertrams, J.; Schildberg, P.; Hopping, W.; Bohme, W.; Albert, E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bertrams, J., Schildberg, P., Hopping, W., Bohme, W., and Albert, E. (1973). HLA-antigens in retinoblastoma. Tissue Antigens, 3, 78-87.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"918","article-title":"Missing evidence for HLA antigens association with Eales' disease, chorioretinitis, central serous retinopathy and malignant choroidal melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Bertrams, J.; Spitznas, M.; Rommel-Fanger, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bertrams, J., Spitznas, M., Rommel-Fanger, M. (1978a). Missing evidence for HLA antigens association with Eales' disease, chorioretinitis, central serous retinopathy and malignant choroidal melanoma. Investigative Ophthalmology, 17, 918-920.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"786","article-title":"HLA-antigens in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume-title":"Klinische","volume":"173","author":"Bertrams, J.; Spitznas, M.; de Souza, N.V.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bertrams, J., Spitznas, M., and de Souza, N. V. (1978b). HLA-antigens in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 173, 786-790."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071500","article-title":"The HLA system: Introduction","volume":"34","author":"Bodmer, W.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bodmer, W. F. (1978). The HLA system: Introduction. British Medical Bulletin, 34, 213-216.","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071518","article-title":"Evolution and function of the HLA system","volume":"34","author":"Bodmer, W.F.; Bodmer, J.G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bodmer, W. F., and Bodmer, J. G. (1978). Evolution and function of the HLA system. British Medical Bulletin, 34, 309-316.","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78118-8","article-title":"The prevalence of HLA-B7 in presumed ocular histoplasmosis","volume":"85","author":"Braley, R.E.; Meridith, T.A.; Aaberg, T.M.; Koethe, S.M.; Witkowski, J.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Braley, R. E., Meridith, T. A., Aaberg, T. M., Koethe, S. M., and Witkowski, J. A. (1978). The prevalence of HLA-B7 in presumed ocular histoplasmosis. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 85, 859-861.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"904","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and HLA 27","volume":"1","author":"Brewerton, D.A.; Caffrey, M.; Hart, F.D.; James, D.C.O.; Nicholls, A.; Sturrock, R.D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brewerton, D. A., Caffrey, M., Hart, F. D., James, D. C. O., Nicholls, A., and Sturrock, R. D. (1973a). Ankylosing spondylitis and HLA 27. Lancet, 1, 904-907.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"994","article-title":"Acute anterior uveitis and HLA-27","volume":"2","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brewerton, D. A., Caffrey, M., Nicholls, A., Walters, D., and James, D. C. 0. (1973b). Acute anterior uveitis and HLA-27. Lancet, 2, 994-996.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90213-5","article-title":"Immunologic study of nonsyphlitic interstitial keratitis with vestibulo-auditory symptoms","volume":"80","author":"Char, D.H.; Cogan, D.G.; Sullivan, W.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Char, D. H., Cogan, D. G., and Sullivan, W. R. (1975). Immunologic study of nonsyphlitic interstitial keratitis with vestibulo-auditory symptoms. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 80, 491-494.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.3.172","article-title":"The incidence of HLA-SD antigens in recessive retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"62","author":"Chen, M.C.; Marak, G.E.; Pilkerton, A.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Chen, M. C., Marak, G. E., and Pilkerton, A. R. (1978). The incidence of HLA-SD antigens in recessive retinitis pigmentosa. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 62, 172-173.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704212961602","article-title":"Sjogren's syndrome associated with HLA-Dw3","volume":"296","author":"Chused, T.M.; Kassan, S.S.; Opelz, G.; Moutsopoulos, H.M.; Terasaki, P.I.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chused, T. M., Kassan, S. S., Opelz, G., Moutsopoulos, H. M., and Terasaki, P. I. (1977). Sjogren's syndrome associated with HLA-Dw3. New England Journal of Medicine, 296, 895-897.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071513","article-title":"HLA genetic heterogeneity in diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Cudworth, A.G.; Festenstein, H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cudworth, A. G., and Festenstein, H. (1978). HLA genetic heterogeneity in diabetes mellitus. British Medical Bulletin, 34, 285-289.","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1978.tb05691.x","article-title":"HLA histocompatibility antigen in open angle glaucoma","volume":"56","author":"Damgaard-Jensen, L.; Kissmeyer-Nielsen, F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Damgaard-Jensen, L., and Kissmeyer-Nielsen, F. (1978). HLA histocompatibility antigen in open angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica, 56, 384-388.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.63.5.293","article-title":"HLA antigens in glaucoma and ocular hypertension","volume":"63","author":"David, R.; Maier, G.; Baumarten, I.; Abrahams, C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"David, R., Maier, G., Baumarten, I., and Abrahams, C. (1979). HLA antigens in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 63, 293-296.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_59","article-title":"HLA and Disease: introductory review","author":"Dick, H.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dick, H. M. (1978). HLA and Disease: introductory review."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"271","article-title":"British Medical","volume":"34","unstructured":"British Medical Bulletin, 34, 271-274.","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.1974.tb00312.x","article-title":"HLA and disease: the detection of association","volume":"1","author":"Edwards, J.H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Edwards, J. H. (1974). HLA and disease: the detection of association. Journal of Immunogenetics, 1, 249-257.","journal-title":"Journal of Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"99","article-title":"HLA-27 in acute and chronic uveitis","volume":"1","author":"Ehlers, N.; Kissmeyer-Nielson, F.; Kjerbye, K.E.; Lamm, L.U.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ehlers, N., Kissmeyer-Nielson, F., Kjerbye, K. E., and Lamm, L. U. (1974). HLA-27 in acute and chronic uveitis. Lancet, 1, 99.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"757","article-title":"A comparison of antinuclear antibodies and DNA-binding antibodies in chronic open-angle glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Felberg, N.T.; Leon, S.A.; Gasparini, J.; Spaeth, G.L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Felberg, N. T., Leon, S. A., Gasparini, J., and Spaeth, G. L. (1977). A comparison of antinuclear antibodies and DNA-binding antibodies in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology, 16, 757-760.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"489","article-title":"Haemorrhagic maculopathy in young adults","volume":"55","author":"Flage, T.; Bratberg, A.; Syrdalen, P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Flage, T., Bratberg, A., and Syrdalen, P. (1977). Haemorrhagic maculopathy in young adults. Acta Ophthalmologica, 55, 489-496.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"229","article-title":"Histocompatibility typing in spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma","volume-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research","volume":"16","author":"H.L.A.; Gallie, B.L.; Dupont, B.; Whitsett, G.; Kitchen, F.D.; Ellsworth, R.M.; Good, R.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gallie, B. L., Dupont, B., Whitsett, G., Kitchen, F. D., Ellsworth, R. M., and Good, R. A. (1977). Histocompatibility typing in spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. In HLA and Malignancy. Edited by G. P. Murphy. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 16, 229-237."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"767","article-title":"HLA antigens in keratoconus","volume":"9","author":"Gasset, A.R.; Richman, A.V.; Frias, J.L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gasset, A. R., Richman, A. V., and Frias, J. L. (1977). HLA antigens in keratoconus. Annals of Ophthalmology, 9, 767-768.","journal-title":"Annals of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"735","article-title":"The major histocompatibility complex-comparison in the mouse, man and the rat","volume":"90","author":"Gill, T.J.; Cramer, D.V.; Kunz, H.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gill, T. J., Cramer, D. V., and Kunz, H. W. (1978). The major histocompatibility complex-comparison in the mouse, man and the rat. American Journal of Pathology, 90, 735-778.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"ref_68","author":"Godfrey, W.A.; Sabates, R.; Cross, D.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Godfrey, W. A., Sabates, R., and Cross, D. E. (1978)."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78117-6","article-title":"Association of presumed ocular histoplasmosis with HLAB7","volume":"85","unstructured":"Association of presumed ocular histoplasmosis with HLAB7. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 85, 854-858.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_70","article-title":"Histokompatibilitats iintigene (HLA-Antigene) and offen winkel-glaukom. Albrecht von Graefes Archivfiir klinische und experimentelle","author":"Grabner, G.; Mayr, W.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Grabner, G., and Mayr, W. R. (1977). Histokompatibilitats iintigene (HLA-Antigene) and offen winkel-glaukom. Albrecht von Graefes Archivfiir klinische und experimentelle"},{"key":"ref_71","author":"Jampol, L.E.; Lahav, M.; Albert, D.M.; Craft, J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jampol, L. E., Lahav, M., Albert, D. M., and Craft, J. (1975)."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90622-4","article-title":"Ocular findings and basement membrane changes in Goodpasture's syndrome","volume":"79","unstructured":"Ocular findings and basement membrane changes in Goodpasture's syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 79, 452-463.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_73","author":"Jung, R.T.; Chalmers, T.M.; Joysey, V.C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jung, R. T., Chalmers, T. M., and Joysey, V. C. (1976)."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77732-3","article-title":"The HLA and ABO antigens in pigment dispersion syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Kaiser-Kupfer, M.I.; Mittal, K.K.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kaiser-Kupfer, M. I., and Mittal, K. K. (1978). The HLA and ABO antigens in pigment dispersion syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 85, 368-372.","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981926","article-title":"HLA and Cogan's syndrome","volume":"298","author":"Kaiser-Kupfer, M.I.; Del Valle, L.A.; Mittal, K.K.; Haynes, B.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kaiser-Kupfer, M. I., Del Valle, L. A., Mittal, K. K., and Haynes, B. F. (1978). HLA and Cogan's syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 1094-1095.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910060509006","article-title":"Histocompatibility antigens and primary openangle glaucoma: A reassessment","volume":"96","author":"Kass, M.A.; Palmberg, P.; Becker, B.; Miller, J.P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kass, M. A., Palmberg, P., Becker, B., and Miller, J. P. (1978). Histocompatibility antigens and primary openangle glaucoma: A reassessment. Archives of Ophthalmology, 96, 2207-2208.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200401","article-title":"Comparison of clinical features in HLA-B27 positive and negative patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"20","author":"Khan, M.A.; Kushner, I.; Braun, W.E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Khan, M. A., Kushner, I., and Braun, W. E. (1977). Comparison of clinical features in HLA-B27 positive and negative patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 20, 909-912.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6120.1111","article-title":"HLA patterns and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"1","author":"Larkins, R.G.; Martin, F.I.R.; Tait, B.D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Larkins, R. G., Martin, F. I. R., and Tait, B. D. (1978). HLA patterns and diabetic retinopathy. British Medical Journal, 1, 1111.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429774","article-title":"HLA phenotypes and Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Moller, E.; Persson, B.; Sterky, G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Moller, E., Persson, B., and Sterky, G. (1978). HLA phenotypes and Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia, 14, 155-158.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.4.265","article-title":"HLAantigens in ocular cicataricial pemphigoid","volume":"62","author":"Mondino, B.J.; Brown, S.I.; Rabin, B.S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mondino, B. J., Brown, S. I., and Rabin, B. S. (1978). HLAantigens in ocular cicataricial pemphigoid. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 62, 265-267.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"22","article-title":"Immunological investigations in chronic simple glaucoma","volume":"98","author":"Nagasubramanian, S.; Rahi, A.H.S.; Gloster, J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nagasubramanian, S., Rahi, A. H. S., and Gloster, J. (1978). Immunological investigations in chronic simple glaucoma. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom, 98, 22-27.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.1.59","article-title":"HLA antigens and antinuclear antibody titres in juvenile chronic iridocyclitis","volume":"61","author":"Ohno, S.; Char, D.H.; Kimura, S.J.; O'Connor, G.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno, S., Char, D. H., Kimura, S. J., and O'Connor, G. R. (1977a). HLA antigens and antinuclear antibody titres in juvenile chronic iridocyclitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 61, 59-61.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"58","article-title":"Studies on HLA antigens in American patients with Behqet's disease","volume":"22","author":"Ohno, S.; Char, D.H.; Kimura, S.J.; O'Connor, G.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ohno, S., Char, D. H., Kimura, S. J., and O'Connor, G. R. (1978a). Studies on HLA antigens in American patients with Behqet's disease. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 22, 58-61.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.1.62","article-title":"HLA antigens and uveitis","volume":"61","author":"Ohno, S.Kimura; J., S.; O'Connor, G.R.; Char, D.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno, S. Kimura, S. J., O'Connor, G. R., and Char, D. H. (1977b). HLA antigens and uveitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 61, 62-64.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.123.91","article-title":"HLA antigens and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis","volume":"123","author":"Ohno, S.; O'Connor, G.R.; Kimura, S.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ohno, S., O'Connor, G. R., and Kimura, S. J. (1977c). HLA antigens and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 123, 91-94.","journal-title":"Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"62","article-title":"Further studies on HLA antigens in Behcet's disease","volume":"22","author":"Ohno, S.; Sugiura, S.; Itakura, K.; Aizawa, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ohno, S., Sugiura, S., Itakura, K., and Aizawa, M. (1978b). Further studies on HLA antigens in Behcet's disease. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 22, 62-67.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.12.761","article-title":"Keratoconus and coexisting atopic disease","volume":"61","author":"Rahi, A.; Davies, P.; Ruben, M.; Lobascher, D.; Menon, J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rahi, A., Davies, P., Ruben, M., Lobascher, D., and Menon, J. (1977). Keratoconus and coexisting atopic disease. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 61, 761-764.","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_88","article-title":"What is endogenous uveitis?","volume-title":"Immunology and Immunopathology of the","author":"Rahi, A.H.S.; Hoborow, E.J.; Perkins, E.S.; Dinning, W.J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rahi, A. H. S., Hoborow, E. J., Perkins, E. S., and Dinning, W. J. (1979). What is endogenous uveitis? In Immunology and Immunopathology of the Eye. Edited by A. M. Silverstein and G. R. O'Connor. Masson Publishing Inc.: New York (In press)."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"113","article-title":"Immunological investigations in uveitis","volume":"96","author":"Rahi, A.H.S.; Holborow, E.J.; Perkins, E.S.; Gungen, Y.Y.; Dinning, W.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rahi, A. H. S., Holborow, E. J., Perkins, E. S., Gungen, Y. Y., and Dinning, W. J. (1976). Immunological investigations in uveitis. Transaction of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom, 96, 113-122.","journal-title":"Transaction of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910060506005","article-title":"Lack of association of histocompatibility antigens with primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"96","author":"Ritch, R.; Podos, S.M.; Henley, W.; Moss, A.; Southren, A.L.; Fotino, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ritch, R., Podos, S. M., Henley, W., Moss, A., Southren, A. L., and Fotino, M. (1978). Lack of association of histocompatibility antigens with primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology, 96, 2204-2206.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071511","article-title":"HLA, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Sachs, J.A.; Brewerton, S.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sachs, J. A., and Brewerton, S. A. (1978). HLA, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. British Medical Bulletin, 34, 275-278.","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/277068a0","article-title":"Evidence for a specific B27 associated cell surface marker on lymphocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"277","author":"Seager, K.; Bashir, H.V.; Geczy, A.F.; Edmonds, J.; de Vere-Tyndall, A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Seager, K., Bashir, H. V., Geczy, A. F., Edmonds, J., and de Vere-Tyndall, A. (1979). Evidence for a specific B27 associated cell surface marker on lymphocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Nature, 277, 68-70.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450030065004","article-title":"HLA-All and HLABw35 and resistance to glaucoma in white patients with ocular hypertension","volume":"95","author":"Shin, D.H.; Becker, B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Shin, D. H., and Becker, B. (1977). HLA-All and HLABw35 and resistance to glaucoma in white patients with ocular hypertension. Archives of Ophthalmology, 95, 423-424.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450020026003","article-title":"The prevalence of HLA-B12 and HLA-B7 antigens in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"95","author":"Shin, D.H.; Becker, B.; Waltman, S.R.; Palmberg, P.F.; Bell, C.E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Shin, D. H., Becker, B., Waltman, S. R., Palmberg, P. F., and Bell, C. E. (1977). The prevalence of HLA-B12 and HLA-B7 antigens in primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology, 95, 224-225.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"95","article-title":"HLA antigens and disease of statistical and genetical considerations","volume":"4","author":"Svejgaard, A.; Jersild, C.; Nielsen, L.S.; Bodmer, W.F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Svejgaard, A., Jersild, C., Nielsen, L. S. and Bodmer, W. F. (1974). HLA antigens and disease of statistical and genetical considerations. Tissue Antigens, 4, 95-105.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"22","article-title":"HLA and Vogt-KoyanagiHarada syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Tagawa, Y.; Sugiura, S.; Yakura, H.; Wakisaka, A.; Aizawa, M.; Itakura, K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tagawa, Y., Sugiura, S., Yakura, H., Wakisaka, A., Aizawa, M., and Itakura, K. (1977). HLA and Vogt-KoyanagiHarada syndrome. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 21, 22-27.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"116","article-title":"HLA-27 and anterior uveitis","volume":"6","author":"Woodrow, J.C.; Mapstone, R.; Anderson, J.; Usher, N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Woodrow, J. C., Mapstone, R., Anderson, J., and Usher, N. (1975). HLA-27 and anterior uveitis. Tissue Antigens, 6, 116-120.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x","article-title":"On estimating the relation between blood group and disease","volume":"19","author":"Woolf, B.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Woolf, B. (1955). On estimating the relation between blood group and disease. Annals of Human Genetics, 19, 251-253.","journal-title":"Annals of Human Genetics"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"756","article-title":"HLA types and recurrent corneal herpes simplex infection","volume":"16","author":"Zimmerman, T.J.; McNeill, J.I.; Richman, A.; Kaufman, H.E.; Waltman, S.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Zimmerman, T. J., McNeill, J. I., Richman, A., Kaufman, H. E., and Waltman, S. R. (1977). HLA types and recurrent corneal herpes simplex infection. Investigative Ophthalmology, 16, 756-757.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.63.5.283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T22:58:47Z","timestamp":1601074727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.63.5.283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,1]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.63.5.283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,1]]}}}