{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:35:00Z","timestamp":1772202900508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.69.1.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"7-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Histiocytosis X: an ophthalmological review."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"A T","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D S","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Histiocytosis X: A clinical study","volume-title":"Mayo Clin Proc 1967; 42","author":"Enriquez, P.; Dahlin, D.C.; Hayles, A.B.; Henderson, E.D.","unstructured":"Enriquez P, Dahlin DC, Hayles AB, Henderson ED. Histiocytosis X: A clinical study. Mayo Clin Proc 1967; 42: 88-99."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Integration of eosinophilic granuloma of bone. \"Letterer-Siwe disease\" and \"SchillerChristian disease\" as related manifestations of a single nosological entity","volume":"56","author":"X, Lichtenstein L.Histiocytosis","year":"1953","unstructured":"Lichtenstein L. Histiocytosis X. Integration of eosinophilic granuloma of bone. \"Letterer-Siwe disease\" and \"SchillerChristian disease\" as related manifestations of a single nosological entity. Arc\/h Ptithol 1953; 56: 84-l1)2.","journal-title":"Arc\/h Ptithol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"595","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of bone with report of a case","volume":"16","author":"Lichtenstein, L.; Jaffe, H.L.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Lichtenstein L, Jaffe HL. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone with report of a case. Am J Pathol 1940; 16: 595-604.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"289","volume":"121","author":"X, Lucaya J.L.Histiocytosis","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lucaya JL. Histiocytosis X. Am J Dis Child 1971; 121: 289-95.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"86","article-title":"Idiopathic histiocytosis: a correlative review of cosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease","volume":"5","author":"Oberman, H.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Oberman HA. Idiopathic histiocytosis: a correlative review of cosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1968; 5: 86-92.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"251","article-title":"Histiocytosis: a histological classification with clinical correlation","volume-title":"Perspectives in pediatric pathology","volume":"1","author":"Newton, W.A.; Hamoudi, A.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Newton WA, Hamoudi AB. Histiocytosis: a histological classification with clinical correlation. In: Rosenberg HS, Bolande RP, eds. Perspectives in pediatric pathology. Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Publishers, 1973; 1: 251-81."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"59","article-title":"Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell histocytosis): prognostic role of histopathology","volume":"107","year":"1983","unstructured":"Risdall RJ, Dehner LP, Duray P, Kobrinsky N, Robison L, Nesbit Jr ME. Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell histocytosis): prognostic role of histopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1983; 107: 59-63.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"421","article-title":"Histiocytosis X: natural history and management in childhood. Clin Exp Der, natol","volume":"4","author":"Pritchard, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pritchard J. Histiocytosis X: natural history and management in childhood. Clin Exp Der,natol 1979; 4: 421-33."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"177","article-title":"Orbital tumours in children: a clinical study of 62 cases","volume":"6","author":"Youseffi, B.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Youseffi B. Orbital tumours in children: a clinical study of 62 cases. J Pediatr Ophthalmnol 1969; 6: 177-81.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-196206000-00004","article-title":"Orbital tumours in children: a report on 214 cases","volume":"1962","author":"Porterfield, J.F.","unstructured":"Porterfield JF. Orbital tumours in children: a report on 214 cases. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1962; 2: 319-35.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/11.CN_suppl_1.76","article-title":"Orbital tumours in children","volume":"11","author":"MacCarty, C.S.; Brown, D.N.","year":"1964","unstructured":"MacCarty CS, Brown DN. Orbital tumours in children. Clin Neurosurg 1964; 11: 76-93.","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.55.4.254","article-title":"Orbital tumours in African children","volume":"55","author":"Templeton, A.C.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Templeton AC. Orbital tumours in African children. Br J Ophthalmol 1971; 55: 254-61.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"377","article-title":"Orbital tumours","author":"Henderson, J.W.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Henderson JW. Orbital tumours. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Dekker, 1980; 377-86.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"331","article-title":"Disease of the orbit","volume-title":"The eye in childhood","author":"Crawford, J.S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Crawford JS. Disease of the orbit. In: Crawford JS, Morin JD, eds. The eye in childhood. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1983: 331-64."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(66)91069-5","article-title":"Non-lipoid and lipoid reticulo-endotheliosis of orbital bones","volume":"61","author":"Mortada, A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Mortada A. Non-lipoid and lipoid reticulo-endotheliosis of orbital bones. Am J Ophthalmol 1966; 61: 558-6).","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"22","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit","volume":"35","author":"BelIer, A.J.; Kornbleuth, W.","year":"1951","unstructured":"BelIer AJ, Kornbleuth W. Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol 1951; 35: 22t)-5.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"571","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma involving the orbit. Report of a case","volume":"37","author":"Truhisen, S.M.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Truhisen SM. Eosinophilic granuloma involving the orbit. Report of a case. A]nJ Ophthalmol 1954; 37: 571-5.","journal-title":"A]nJ Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"93","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit","volume":"5","author":"Chawla, H.B.; Cullen, J.F.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Chawla HB, Cullen JF. Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1968; 5: 93-5.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"771","article-title":"t) Straatsma BR. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone","volume":"62","year":"1958","unstructured":"t) Straatsma BR. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1958; 62: 771-6.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of orbit","volume":"9","author":"Baghdassarian, S.A.; Shammas, H.F.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baghdassarian SA, Shammas HF. Eosinophilic granuloma of orbit. Ann Ophthalmnol 1977; 9: 1247-5 1."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1957.00940010879007","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit","volume":"58","author":"Nirankari, M.S.; Singh, M.; Manchanda, S.S.; Chitkara, N.L.; Maudgal, M.C.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Nirankari MS, Singh M, Manchanda SS, Chitkara NL, Maudgal MC. Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol 1957; 58: 857-61.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(46)90929-4","article-title":"Exophthalmos caused by eosinophilic granuloma of bone","volume":"29","author":"Wheeler, M.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Wheeler M. Exophthalmos caused by eosinophilic granuloma of bone. Am J Ophthalmol 1946; 29: 980-4.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1972.tb03773.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit","volume":"50","author":"Heuer, H.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Heuer HE. Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit. Acta Ophthalmol (Kbh) 1972; 50: 16t)-5.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Kbh)"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"372","article-title":"Histiocytosis X","volume-title":"radiotherapy and oncology. Maligniant disease in childhood","author":"Bray, P.T.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bray PT. Histiocytosis X: In Deeley TJ, ed. Modern radiotherapy and oncology. Maligniant disease in childhood. London: Butterworth, 1974: 372-94."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.52.6.433","article-title":"Follow-up of 43 cases","volume":"52","author":"X, Sims D.G.Histiocytosis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sims DG. Histiocytosis X. Follow-up of 43 cases. Arch Dis Child 1977; 52: 433-40.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"348","article-title":"Histiocytose X avec l6sions oculaires. Etude anatomique","volume":"13","author":"Mozziconacci, P.; Offret, G.; Forest, A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Mozziconacci P, Offret G, Forest A, et al. Histiocytose X avec l6sions oculaires. Etude anatomique. Ann Pediat (Paris). 1966; 13: 348-55."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90674-2","article-title":"Secondary open angle glaucoma in histiocytosis X","volume":"84","author":"Epstein, D.L.; Grant, W.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Epstein DL, Grant WM. Secondary open angle glaucoma in histiocytosis X. Am J Ophthalmol 1977; 84: 332-6.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)91022-2","article-title":"Ocular involvement in Letterer-Siwe disease","volume":"75","author":"Mittleman, D.; Apple, D.J.; Goldberg, M.F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mittleman D, Apple DJ, Goldberg MF. Ocular involvement in Letterer-Siwe disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1973; 75: 261-5.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1970.00990040470012","article-title":"Histiocytosis X affecting the uveal tract","volume":"84","author":"Rupp, R.H.; Holloman, K.R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rupp RH, Holloman KR. Histiocytosis X affecting the uveal tract. Arch Ophthalmol 1970; 84: 468-70.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"412","article-title":"Ocular lesions of juvenile xanthogranuloma: nevoxanthoendothelioma","volume":"69","author":"Zimmerman, L.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimmerman LE. Ocular lesions of juvenile xanthogranuloma: nevoxanthoendothelioma, Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1965; 69: 412-42.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"290","article-title":"The ocular features of a case of acute reticuloendotheliosis (Letterer-Siwe type)","volume":"57","author":"Heath, P.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Heath P. The ocular features of a case of acute reticuloendotheliosis (Letterer-Siwe type). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1959; 57: 290-302.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(58)90219-8","article-title":"Ocular lesions related to disturbance in fat metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Anderson, B.; Margolis, G.; Lynn, W.S.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Anderson B, Margolis G, Lynn WS. Ocular lesions related to disturbance in fat metabolism. Am J Ophthalmol 1958; 45 (suppl): 23-41.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.03900060469008","article-title":"Unusual ocular involvement in acute disseminated histiocytosis X","volume":"91","author":"Lahav, M.; Albert, D.M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lahav M, Albert DM. Unusual ocular involvement in acute disseminated histiocytosis X. Arch Ophthalmol 1974; 91: 455-8.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686345","article-title":"Predominantly cerebral forms of histiocytosis X","volume":"14","author":"Kepes, J.J.; Kepes, M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kepes JJ, Kepes M. Predominantly cerebral forms of histiocytosis X. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1969; 14: 77-98.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.95.1.41","article-title":"Roentgen findings of increased intracranial pressure and communicating hydrocephalus as insidious manifestations of chronic histiocytosis X","volume":"95","author":"Feinberg, S.B.; Langer, L.O.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Feinberg SB, Langer LO. Roentgen findings of increased intracranial pressure and communicating hydrocephalus as insidious manifestations of chronic histiocytosis X. AJR 1965; 95: 41-7.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(66)80121-6","article-title":"The variable roentgenographic appearance of idiopathic histiocytosis","volume":"17","author":"Takahashi, M.; Martel, W.; Oberman, H.A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Martel W, Oberman HA. The variable roentgenographic appearance of idiopathic histiocytosis. Clin Radiol 1966; 17: 48-53.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(79)90077-1","article-title":"The ophthalmologic manifestations of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy","volume":"87","author":"Foucar, E.; Rosai, J.; Dorfmann, R.F.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfmann RF. The ophthalmologic manifestations of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1979; 87: 354-67.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450110100011","article-title":"Orbital involvement in sinus histiocytosis","volume":"95","author":"Friendly, D.S.; Font, R.L.; Rao, N.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Friendly DS, Font RL, Rao NA. Orbital involvement in sinus histiocytosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1977; 95: 2006-11.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"458","article-title":"Infantile xanthogranuloma of the orbit","volume":"69","author":"Sanders, T.E.; Miller, J.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sanders TE, Miller JE. Infantile xanthogranuloma of the orbit. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1965; 69: 458-64.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)91301-3","article-title":"Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the orbit","volume":"63","author":"Gaynes, P.M.; Cohen, G.S.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gaynes PM, Cohen GS. Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol 1967; 63: 755-7.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1148\/106.2.419","article-title":"Histiocytosis X: role of radiation therapy in management with special reference to dosage levels employed","volume":"106","author":"Smith, D.G.; Nesbit, M.E.; D'Angio, G.J.; Levitt, S.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Smith DG, Nesbit ME, D'Angio GJ, Levitt SH. Histiocytosis X: role of radiation therapy in management with special reference to dosage levels employed. Radiology 1973; 106: 419-22.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.136.2.7403498","article-title":"Direct injection of methyl prednisolone sodium succinate in the treatment of solitary cosinophilic granuloma of bone. A report of nine cases","volume":"136","author":"Cohen, M.; Zornoza, J.; Cangir, A.; Murray, J.A.; Wallace, S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cohen M, Zornoza J, Cangir A, Murray JA, Wallace S. Direct injection of methyl prednisolone sodium succinate in the treatment of solitary cosinophilic granuloma of bone. A report of nine cases. Radiology 1980; 136: 289-93.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90127-2","article-title":"Spontaneous remission of multisystem histiocytosis X","volume":"i:","author":"Broadbent, V.; Davies, E.G.; Heaf, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Broadbent V, Davies EG, Heaf D, et al. Spontaneous remission of multisystem histiocytosis X. Lancet 1984; i: 253-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101153040304","article-title":"Histiocytosis X: demonstration of abnormal immunity, T-cell histamine H2-receptor deficiency and successful treatment with thymic extract","volume":"304","author":"Osband, M.E.; Lipton, J.M.; Lavin, P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Osband ME, Lipton JM, Lavin P, et al. Histiocytosis X: demonstration of abnormal immunity, T-cell histamine H2-receptor deficiency and successful treatment with thymic extract. N EnglJ Med 1981; 304:146-53.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308253090813","article-title":"Thymic hormone therapy for histiocytosis X","volume":"309","author":"Davies, E.G.; Levinsky, R.J.; Butler, M.; Broadbent, V.; Pritchard, J.; Chessells, J.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Davies EG, Levinsky RJ, Butler M, Broadbent V, Pritchard J, Chessells JM. Thymic hormone therapy for histiocytosis X. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 493-4.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.3.327","article-title":"Combined immunological and histochemical analysis of skin and lymph node Iesions in histiocytosis","volume":"35","author":"Thomas, J.A.; Janossy, G.; Chilosi, M.; Pritchard, J.; Pincott, JR","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thomas JA, Janossy G, Chilosi M, Pritchard J, Pincott JR. Combined immunological and histochemical analysis of skin and lymph node Iesions in histiocytosis X., J Clin Pathol 1982; 35: 327-37.","journal-title":"X., J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80576-2","article-title":"Histiocytosis X: An analysis of prognostic factors","volume":"87","author":"Lahey, M.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lahey ME. Histiocytosis X: An analysis of prognostic factors. J Pediatr 1975; 87: 184-9.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.69.1.7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T02:41:45Z","timestamp":1737427305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.69.1.7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,1,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.69.1.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,1,1]]}}}