{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:53:32Z","timestamp":1789192412497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.3.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"167-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cryptococcal meningitis presenting as uveitis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"S P","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bendig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P E","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B S","family":"Azadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Clifford-Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Saprophytic sources of Cryptococcus neoformans associated with the pigeon (Columbia livia)","volume":"62","author":"Emmons, C.W.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Emmons CW. Saprophytic sources of Cryptococcus neoformans associated with the pigeon (Columbia livia). Am J Hyg 1955; 62: 227-32.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(68)90190-3","article-title":"Cryptococcosis: current status","volume":"45","author":"Littman, M.L.; Walker, J.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Littman ML, Walker JE. Cryptococcosis: current status. Am J Med 1968; 45: 922-32.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/125.4.412","article-title":"Airborne Cryptococcus neoformans - particles from pigeon excreta compatible with alveolar deposition","volume":"125","author":"Powell, K.E.; Dahl, B.A.; Weeks, R.J.; Tosh, F.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Powell KE, Dahl BA, Weeks RJ, Tosh FE. Airborne Cryptococcus neoformans - particles from pigeon excreta compatible with alveolar deposition. J Infect Dis 1972; 125: 412-5.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-63-4-583","article-title":"Pulmonary cryptococcosis: must all receive amphotericin B?","volume":"63","author":"Houk, V.N.; Moser, K.M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Houk VN, Moser KM. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: must all receive amphotericin B? Ann Intern Med 1965; 63: 583-96.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"236","article-title":"Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis","volume":"94","author":"Campbell, G.D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Campbell GD. Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1966; 94: 236-243.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1965.91.3.414","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis","volume":"91","author":"Cohen, A.A.; Davis, A.; Finegold, S.A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cohen AA, Davis A, Finegold SA. Chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1965; 91: 414-23.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.9.853","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"48","author":"Tjia, T.L.; Yeow, Y.K.; Tan, C.B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tjia TL, Yeow YK, Tan CB. Cryptococcal meningitis. J Neurol neurosurg Psychiatry 1985; 48: 853-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon excreta in New York City","volume":"69","author":"Littman, M.L.; Schneirson, S.S.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Littman ML, Schneirson SS. Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon excreta in New York City. Am J Hyg 1959; 69: 49-59.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.92.1.82-87.1966","article-title":"Epidemiological and immunological studies of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"92","author":"Walter, J.E.; Atchison, R.W.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Walter JE, Atchison RW. Epidemiological and immunological studies of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Bacteriol 1966; 92: 82-7.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-4-724","article-title":"Epidemiological study of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"67","author":"M, Jr, Newberry W.; JE, Walter; JW, Chandler; FE, Tosh","year":"1967","unstructured":"Newberry W M Jr, Walter JE, Chandler JW, Tosh FE. Epidemiological study of Cryptococcus neoformans. Ann Intern Med 1967; 67: 724-32.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"711","article-title":"In discussion of Terplan K. Pathogenesis of cryptococcic meningitis","volume":"24","author":"Forbus, W.D.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Forbus WD. In discussion of Terplan K. Pathogenesis of cryptococcic meningitis. Am J Pathol 1948; 24: 711-2.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"291","article-title":"Ocular cryptococcosis in New Zealand","volume":"91","author":"Chapman-Smith, J.S.; Parr, D.H.; Say, P.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Chapman-Smith JS, Parr DH, Say PJ. Ocular cryptococcosis in New Zealand. NZ Med J 1980; 91: 291-3.","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90113-0","article-title":"Cryptococcal uveitis chorioretinitis","volume":"89","author":"Shields, J.A.; Wright, D.M.; Ausburger, J.J.; Wolkowicz, M.I.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shields JA, Wright DM, Ausburger JJ, Wolkowicz MI. Cryptococcal uveitis chorioretinitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 89: 210-8.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)91609-6","article-title":"Diagnosis of cryptococcal uveitis with hypertonic media","volume":"72","author":"Grieco, M.H.; Frellich, D.B.; Louria, D.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Grieco MH, Frellich DB, Louria DB. Diagnosis of cryptococcal uveitis with hypertonic media. Am J Ophthalmol 1971; 72: 171-4.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-4-533","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Kovacs, J.A.; Kovacs, A.A.; Polis, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kovacs JA, Kovacs AA, Polis M, et al. Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 533-8.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.4.825","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis: its apparent increased incidence in the Far East","volume":"95","author":"Ch, Tay; WLS, Chew; LCY, Lim","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tay Ch, Chew WLS, Lim LCY. Cryptococcal meningitis: its apparent increased incidence in the Far East. Brain 1972; 95: 825-32.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.4.330","article-title":"Cerebal cryptococcosis in Malaysia","volume":"39","author":"Richardson, P.M.; Mohandas, A.; Arumugasamy, N.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Richardson PM, Mohandas A, Arumugasamy N. Cerebal cryptococcosis in Malaysia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976; 39: 330-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90008-6","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpar and review of published cases","volume":"76","author":"Pathmanathan, R.; Soon, Soo-Hoo Tuck","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pathmanathan R, Soo-Hoo Tuck Soon. Cryptococcosis in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpar and review of published cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1982; 76: 21-4.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis: our experience in 24 black patients","volume":"50","author":"Pillay, N.; Smijee, A.E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pillay N, Smijee AE. Cryptococcal meningitis: our experience in 24 black patients. SAfr Med J 1976; 50: 1604-6.","journal-title":"SAfr Med J"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1976.tb115397.x","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the Northern Territory","volume":"2","author":"Lo, D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lo D. Cryptococcosis in the Northern Territory. Med J Aust 1976; 2:825-8.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(75)90082-2","article-title":"Abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection","volume":"55","author":"Schimpff, S.C.; Bennett, J.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Schimpff SC, Bennett JE. Abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Allergy Clin immunol 1975; 55: 430-41.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin immunol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/127.6.694","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis in man: decreased lymphocyte transformation in response to Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"127","author":"Diamond, R.D.; Bennett, J.E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Diamond RD, Bennett JE. Disseminated cryptococcosis in man: decreased lymphocyte transformation in response to Cryptococcus neoformans. J Infect Dis 1973; 127: 694-7.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110555","article-title":"Long lasting specific immunologic unresponsiveness with cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"69","author":"Henderson, D.K.; Bennett, J.E.; Huber, M.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Henderson DK, Bennett JE, Huber MA. Long lasting specific immunologic unresponsiveness with cryptococcal meningitis. J Clin Invest 1982; 69: 1185-90.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"7","article-title":"Quoted by White FC, Hill HE. Disseminated pulmonary calcification","volume":"62","author":"Nauen, R.; Korns, R.F.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Nauen R, Korns RF. Quoted by White FC, Hill HE. Disseminated pulmonary calcification. Am Rev Respir Dis 1950; 62: 7-11.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196305162682005","article-title":"Occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in the environment of three geographically associated cases of cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"268","author":"Muchmore, H.G.; Rhoades, E.R.; Nix, G.E.; Felton, F.G.; Carpenter, R.E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Muchmore HG, Rhoades ER, Nix GE, Felton FG, Carpenter RE. Occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in the environment of three geographically associated cases of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med 1963; 268: 1112-4.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"976","article-title":"Cryptococcosis: current concepts and therapy","volume":"27","author":"Littman, M.L.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Littman ML. Cryptococcosis: current concepts and therapy. Am J Med 1959; 27: 976-98.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03080040011002","article-title":"Cryptococcal hepatitis presenting as a surgical emergency","volume":"191","author":"Procknow, J.J.; Benfield, JR, Rippon; JW, Diener; CF, Archer; F.L.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Procknow JJ, Benfield JR, Rippon JW, Diener CF, Archer FL. Cryptococcal hepatitis presenting as a surgical emergency. JAMA 1965; 191: 269-74.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Diamond, R.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diamond RD. Cryptococcus neoformans. In: Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennett MD, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. New York: Wiley. 1985: 1460-8."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cryptococcal eye disease","volume":"44","author":"Condon, P.I.; Terry, S.I.; Falconar, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Condon PI, Terry SI, Falconar H. Cryptococcal eye disease. Doc Ophthalmol 1977; 44: 49-56.","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/79.3.382","article-title":"Cryptococcal endophthalmitis: diagnostic vitreous aspiration cytology","volume":"79","author":"O'Dowd, G.J.; Frable, W.J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"O'Dowd GJ, Frable WJ. Cryptococcal endophthalmitis: diagnostic vitreous aspiration cytology. Am J Clin Pathol 1983; 79: 382-5.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"18","article-title":"Combined ocular infection with cytomegalovirus and cryptococcosis","volume":"100","author":"Doft, B.H.; Curtin, V.T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Doft BH, Curtin VT. Combined ocular infection with cytomegalovirus and cryptococcosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 18OO-3.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.6.411","article-title":"Cryptococcal chorioretinitis: a case report","volume":"81","author":"Chapman-Smith, J.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chapman-Smith JS. Cryptococcal chorioretinitis: a case report. Br J Ophthalmol 1977; 81: 411-3.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(68)91037-4","article-title":"Bilateral intra-ocular cryptococcosis with unilateral spontaneous regression. Report of a case and review","volume":"65","author":"Hiles, D.A.; Font, R.L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hiles DA, Font RL. Bilateral intra-ocular cryptococcosis with unilateral spontaneous regression. Report of a case and review of the Literature. Am J Ophthalmol 1968; 65: 98-108.","journal-title":"of the Literature. Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/81.2.272","article-title":"Diagnosis of cryptococcal endophthalmitis","volume":"81","author":"BE, Jr, Beyt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Beyt BE Jr. Diagnosis of cryptococcal endophthalmitis. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 81: 272.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1964.00970010068009","article-title":"Ophthalmologic complications of cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"71","author":"Okun, E.; Butler, W.T.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Okun E, Butler WT. Ophthalmologic complications of cryptococcal meningitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1964; 71: 52-7.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1948.00900020749003","article-title":"Infection of the human eye with Cryptococcus neoformans (Torula histolytica): clinical and experimental study with new diagnostic method","volume":"39","author":"Weiss, C.; Perry, I.H.; Shevky, M.C.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Weiss C, Perry IH, Shevky MC. Infection of the human eye with Cryptococcus neoformans (Torula histolytica): clinical and experimental study with new diagnostic method. Arch Ophthalmol 1948; 39: 739-51.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/24.12.1381","article-title":"The pulmonary lesions in cryptococcosis with special reference to subpleural nodules","volume":"24","author":"Haugen, R.K.; Baker, R.D.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Haugen RK, Baker RD. The pulmonary lesions in cryptococcosis with special reference to subpleural nodules. Am J Clin Pathol 1954; 24: 1381-90.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050020043008","article-title":"Comparison of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis","volume":"40","author":"Stockstill, M.T.; Kauffman, C.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stockstill MT, Kauffman CA. Comparison of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis. Arch Neurol 1983; 40: 81-5.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.72.3.167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T23:11:52Z","timestamp":1601075512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.72.3.167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.72.3.167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]}}}