{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:58:55Z","timestamp":1777111135309,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.12.714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:53:19Z","timestamp":1190152399000},"page":"714-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Topical ofloxacin compared with gentamicin in the treatment of external ocular infection. Ofloxacin Study Group."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Gwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90738-2","article-title":"Comparison of antibiotic therapy in presumptive bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"79","author":"Jarudi, N.; Golden, B.; Hoyme, J.; Tyson, M.D.; Harter, J.G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jarudi N, Golden B, Hoyme J, Tyson MD, Harter JG. Comparison of antibiotic therapy in presumptive bacterial conjunctivitis. AmJ Ophthalmol 1975; 79: 790-4.","journal-title":"AmJ Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"751","article-title":"Quantitative ocular bacteriology: a method for the enumeration and identification of bacteria from the skin-lash margin and conjunctiva","volume":"20","author":"Cagle, G.D.; Abshire, R.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cagle GD, Abshire RL. Quantitative ocular bacteriology: a method for the enumeration and identification of bacteria from the skin-lash margin and conjunctiva. Invest Ophthalmol VisSci 1981; 20: 751-7.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol VisSci"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"523","article-title":"Topical tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections: multicenter study","volume":"1","author":"Cagle, G.; Davis, S.; Rosenthal, A.; Smith, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cagle G, Davis S, Rosenthal A, Smith J. Topical tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections: multicenter study. CurrEye Res 1981\/1982; 1: 523-34.","journal-title":"CurrEye Res"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"21","article-title":"Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal ulcers","volume":"3","author":"Gelender, H.; Rettich, C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gelender H, Rettich C. Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal ulcers. Cornea 1984; 3: 21-6.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-198403000-00013","article-title":"Clinical inefficacy of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections","volume":"3","author":"Mehta, N.J.; Webb, R.M.; Krohel, G.B.; Smith, R.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mehta NJ, Webb RM, Krohel GB, Smith RS. Clinical inefficacy of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections. Cornea 1984; 3: 228.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"227","article-title":"The potential use ofquinolones in future ocular antimicrobial therapy","volume":"104","author":"Borrmann, L.R.; Leopold, I.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Borrmann LR, Leopold IH. The potential use ofquinolones in future ocular antimicrobial therapy. AmJ7 Ophthalmol 1988; 104: 227-9."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73305-7","article-title":"The comparative in vitro activity of ofloxacin and selected ophthalmic antimicrobial agents against ocular bacterial isolates","volume":"108","author":"Osato, M.S.; Jensen, H.G.; Trousdale, M.D.; Bosso, J.A.; Borrmann, L.R.; Frank, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Osato MS, Jensen HG, Trousdale MD, Bosso JA, Borrmann LR, Frank J, et al. The comparative in vitro activity of ofloxacin and selected ophthalmic antimicrobial agents against ocular bacterial isolates. Amj Ophthalmol 1989; 108: 380-6.","journal-title":"Amj Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689109001764","article-title":"Topical fluoroquinolones: antimicrobial activity and in vitro corneal epithelial toxicity","volume":"10","author":"Cutarelli, P.E.; Lass, J.H.; Lazarus, H.M.; Putman, S.C.; Jacobs, M.R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cutarelli PE, Lass JH, Lazarus HM, Putman SC, Jacobs MR. Topical fluoroquinolones: antimicrobial activity and in vitro corneal epithelial toxicity. Curr Eye Res 1991; 10: 557-63.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"548","article-title":"Yasuaki 0, Gwon Hidemasa 0, et","volume":"22","author":"Sato, K.; Matsuura, Y.; Inoue, M.; Tsutomu, U.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sato K, Matsuura Y, Inoue M, Tsutomu U, Yasuaki 0, Gwon Hidemasa 0, et al. In vitro and in vivo activity of DL-8280, a new oxazine derivative. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982; 22: 548-53.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother; vitro and in vivo activity of DL-8280, a new oxazine derivative"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/16.4.475","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and other 4-quinolone derivatives: in-vitro and in-vivo comparison","volume":"16","author":"Chantot, J.F.; Bryskier, A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chantot JF, Bryskier A. Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and other 4-quinolone derivatives: in-vitro and in-vivo comparison.JAntimicrob Chemtother 1985; 16: 475-84.","journal-title":"JAntimicrob Chemtother"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/15.5.551","article-title":"The in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with that of ciprofloxacin","volume":"15","author":"King, A.; Shannon, K.; Phillips, I.","year":"1985","unstructured":"King A, Shannon K, Phillips I. The in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with that of ciprofloxacin. JAntimicrob Chemother 1985; 15: 551-8.","journal-title":"JAntimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/16.5.563","article-title":"In-vitro activity ofofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compared to other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents","volume":"16","author":"Kumada, T.; Neu, H.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kumada T, Neu HC. In-vitro activity ofofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compared to other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985; 16: 563-74.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"259","article-title":"The comparative activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"11","author":"Ridgway, G.L.; O'Hare, M.D.; Felmingham, D.; Gruneberg, N.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ridgway GL, O'Hare MD, Felmingham D, Gruneberg N. The comparative activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1985; 11: 259-62.","journal-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01661280","article-title":"Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative isolates","volume":"14","author":"Chau, P.Y.; Leung, Y.K.; Ng, W.W.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Chau PY, Leung YK, Ng WWS. Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. Infection 1986; 14 (suppl 4): S237-42.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_15","first-page":"226","article-title":"Antibacterial activity ofofloxacin and its mode ofaction","volume":"14","author":"Sato, K.; Inoue, Y.; Fujii, T.; Aoyama, H.; Mitsuhashi, S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sato K, Inoue Y, Fujii T, Aoyama H, Mitsuhashi S. Antibacterial activity ofofloxacin and its mode ofaction. Infection 1986; 14: (suppl 4): S226-30.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_16","first-page":"233","article-title":"Comparative activity of ofloxacin and seven other antimicrobials against urea-splitting microorganisms","volume":"14","author":"Torres, A.; Fernandez-Roblas, R.; Mendez, B.; Soriano, F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Torres A, Fernandez-Roblas R, Mendez B, Soriano F. Comparative activity of ofloxacin and seven other antimicrobials against urea-splitting microorganisms. Infection 1986; 14 (suppl 4): S233-6.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"213","article-title":"Susceptibility in vitro of gram-positive aerobe and anaerobe bacteria to ofloxacin","volume":"13","author":"Debbia, E.; Mannelli, S.; Gianrossi, G.; Schito, G.C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Debbia E, Mannelli S, Gianrossi G, Schito GC. Susceptibility in vitro of gram-positive aerobe and anaerobe bacteria to ofloxacin. DrugsExpClinRes 1987; 13: 213-7.","journal-title":"DrugsExpClinRes"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198733040-00003","article-title":"Ofloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use","volume":"33","author":"Monk, J.P.; Campoli-Richards, D.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Monk JP, Campoli-Richards DM. Ofloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1987; 33: 346-91.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"75","article-title":"Comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and perfloxacin against resistant clinical isolates","volume":"6","author":"Periti, P.; Mazzei, T.; Nicoletti, P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Periti P, Mazzei T, Nicoletti P. Comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and perfloxacin against resistant clinical isolates. Chemioterapia 1987; 6: 75-8.","journal-title":"Chemioterapia"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"555","article-title":"The sensitivity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to ofloxacin","volume":"12","author":"Speciale, A.; Stefani, S.; Caccamo, R.; Nicolosi, V.M.; Nicoletti, G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Speciale A, Stefani S, Caccamo R, Nicolosi VM, Nicoletti G. The sensitivity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to ofloxacin. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1987; 12: 555-61.","journal-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2004","article-title":"New ofloxacin type antibacterial agents. Incorporation of the spiro cyclopropyl group at N-1","volume":"31","author":"Kiely, J.S.; Schroeder, M.C.; Sesnie, J.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kiely JS, Schroeder MC, Sesnie JC. New ofloxacin type antibacterial agents. Incorporation of the spiro cyclopropyl group at N-1.JMed Chem 1988; 31: 2004-8.","journal-title":"JMed Chem"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.11.1735","article-title":"In vitro activities of ofloxacin and four other new quinoline-carboxylic acids against Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"32","author":"Nagayama, A.; Nakao, T.; Taen, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nagayama A, Nakao T, Taen H. In vitro activities of ofloxacin and four other new quinoline-carboxylic acids against Chlamydia trachomatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32: 1735-7.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.2.325","article-title":"In vitro comparison of A-56619, A-56620, amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"29","author":"Smith, S.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith SM. In vitro comparison of A-56619, A-56620, amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 29: 325-6.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.8.1251","article-title":"In vitro activity of PD 127,391, an enhanced-spectrum quinolone","volume":"32","author":"Wise, R.; Ashby, J.P.; Andrews, J.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wise R, Ashby JP, Andrews JM. In vitro activity of PD 127,391, an enhanced-spectrum quinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32: 1251-6.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1988.tb05967.x","article-title":"Mode of action, and in vitro and in vivo activities of the fluoroquinolones","volume":"28","author":"Fernandes, P.B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fernandes PB. Mode of action, and in vitro and in vivo activities of the fluoroquinolones. Jf Clin Pharmacol 1988; 28: 156-68.","journal-title":"Jf Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198700341-00002","article-title":"Development of resistance to ofloxacin","volume":"34","author":"Crumplin, G.C.; Odell, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Crumplin GC, Odell M. Development of resistance to ofloxacin. Drugs 1987; 34 (suppl 1): 1-8.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.8.1285","article-title":"Development of resistance to nalidixic acid and the fluoroquinolones after the introduction of norfloxacin and ofloxacin","volume":"32","author":"Kresken, M.; Wiedemann, B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kresken M, Wiedemann B. Development of resistance to nalidixic acid and the fluoroquinolones after the introduction of norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32: 1285-8.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Effect of ofloxacin ophthalmic solution in the treatment of external bacterial infections of the eye","volume":"37","author":"true","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mitsui Y, Sakuragi S, Tamura 0, Abe M, Watanabe I, Ueno M, et al. Effect of ofloxacin ophthalmic solution in the treatment of external bacterial infections of the eye. Folia Ophthalmol 1986; 37: 1115-40.","journal-title":"Folia Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"237","article-title":"Average partial association on three-way contingency tables: a review and discussion ofalternative tests","volume":"46","author":"Landis, R.J.; Heyman, E.R.; Koch, G.G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Landis RJ, Heyman ER, Koch GG. Average partial association on three-way contingency tables: a review and discussion ofalternative tests. IntStatRev 1978; 46: 237-54.","journal-title":"IntStatRev"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75639-9","article-title":"A clinical comparison of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections","volume":"92","author":"Laibson, P.; Michaud, R.; Smolin, G.; Okumoto, M.; Rosenthal, A.; Cagle, G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Laibson P, Michaud R, Smolin G, Okumoto M, Rosenthal A, Cagle G. A clinical comparison of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections. AmJ Ophthalmol 1981; 92: 836-41.","journal-title":"AmJ Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.8.1602","article-title":"Comparison of ofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin concentrations in tears and in vitro MICs for 90% of test organisms","volume":"34","author":"Richman, J.; Zolezio, H.; Tang-Liu, D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Richman J, Zolezio H, Tang-Liu D. Comparison of ofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin concentrations in tears and in vitro MICs for 90% of test organisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34: 1602-4.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199211030-00007","article-title":"Ofloxacin in human serum, urine, and tear film after topical application","volume":"11","author":"Borrmann, L.; Tang-Liu, D.; Kann, J.; Nista, J.; Lin, E.T.; Frank, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Borrmann L, Tang-Liu D, Kann J, Nista J, Lin ET, Frank J. Ofloxacin in human serum, urine, and tear film after topical application. Cornea 1992; 11: 226-30.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"115","article-title":"Ofloxacin content in tears following topical use of 0 3% ointment. Chung Hua Yen","volume":"27","author":"Zhou, J.S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zhou JS. Ofloxacin content in tears following topical use of 0 3% ointment. Chung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih 1991; 27: 115-7.","journal-title":"Ko Tsa Chih"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.76.12.714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T10:20:10Z","timestamp":1601115610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjo.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjo.76.12.714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.76.12.714","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}}}