{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:33:35Z","timestamp":1791236015207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning"},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and its association with refraction in Chinese preschool children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Yuhuatai Pediatric Eye Disease Study, a cross-sectional, population-based study, was conducted in children aged 36\u201348 months in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, China, in 2015. Visual acuity was measured in 1695 eligible children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1695 subjects, manifested amblyopia was detected in 25 children (1.47%, 95% CI 0.90% to 2.05%), including 11 and 14 with bilateral and unilateral amblyopia, respectively. Amblyopia prevalence did not differ by gender (p=0.77). Significant refractive errors were found in 22 (88.0%) of children with amblyopia, and strabismus was found in 6 (24.0%) children with amblyopia. In multivariate analysis, amblyopia was significantly associated with hyperopia (\u2265+2.00 dioptres (D); OR 8.81, 95%\u2009CI 3.27 to 23.69, p&lt;0.0001), astigmatism (\u22652.00 D; OR 17.90, 95%\u2009CI 6.78 to 47.21, p&lt;0.0001) and anisometropia (\u22652.00 D; OR 5.87, 95%\u2009CI 1.52 to 22.77, p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of amblyopia in children 36\u201348 months old in Eastern China was 1.47%. The refractive error is a major risk factor for amblyopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T00:50:18Z","timestamp":1503967818000},"page":"767-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Prevalence of amblyopia and its association with refraction in Chinese preschool children aged 36\u201348 months"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhujun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113670"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09782-9","article-title":"Risk, causes, and outcomes of visual impairment after loss of vision in the non-amblyopic eye: a population-based study","volume":"360","author":"Rahi","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0357"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.179"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3177"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.08.001"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.001"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.034","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months the baltimore pediatric eye disease study","volume":"116","author":"Friedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4461"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.024"},{"key":"2020050713012435000_102.6.767.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang D , Zhang X , Wang Y , et al . 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